瑪瑙
楊惟婷
「瑪瑙」（又稱為玉髓）在礦物學中，是屬於「石英」家族的礦種之一，其化學成分是「二氧化矽」。
一、千年傳說：愛情、美麗、幸福、吉祥、富貴
在西方的神話中，愛和美的女神阿佛洛狄忒有一個永遠也長不大的兒子厄洛斯，厄洛斯被稱為小愛神，他就是那位手握愛神金箭的小男孩，羅馬神話中則稱其為丘比特。傳說有一天，阿佛洛狄忒躺在樹蔭下熟睡時，厄洛斯偷偷的把她閃閃發光的指甲剪下來，並歡天喜地拿著指甲飛上了天空。飛到空中的厄洛斯，一不小心把指甲弄掉了，而掉落到地上的指甲變成了石頭，就是瑪瑙。因此有人認為擁有瑪瑙，可以強化愛情，調整自己與愛人之間的感情。
自古以來學者把瑪瑙視為寶石中的”第三眼”，象徵友善的愛心，也代表希望。而瑪瑙就像在閃耀的夜空中，那每顆閃爍著耀眼的星光，且每一縷星光又是獨特而唯一。就像愛情有溫暖的、有熾熱的、有浪漫的、也有平淡的。
在品種繁多的瑪瑙國度裡，紅瑪瑙的火熱和熱烈獨樹一幟，猶如愛人心中愈燃愈烈的情欲之火，在通向愛情的路上，所有的艱難險阻都不再是無法逾越的障礙，那種時刻想見的欲望、分秒思念的情愫，不顧一切的衝動，愛情的力量像充滿了雅典娜的智慧和赫拉克勒斯的神力，在贏得愛人芳心的征途上，披荊斬棘，所向無敵。
再者，瑪瑙也有溫婉的一面。
也許它不如鑽石名貴，不如紅藍寶石璀璨，不如水晶晶瑩，它只是靜靜地散發著屬於它的靜謐的美，把吉祥和幸福緩緩輸送，它不耀眼卻端莊，不驚豔卻瑰麗，它堅硬，持久，它會用千年的等待尋找這一刻的守候。所以千年以來，它被視為吉祥的化身，幸福的源泉，最為長久的祝福。
所以，瑪瑙自古被視為美麗、幸福、吉祥、富貴的象徵，因其兼具瑰麗、堅硬、稀有三大特徵，從而榮膺「玉石」桂冠。
二、生理作用
瑪瑙據說又可增強免疫功能，強化新陳代謝，讓你不會手腳冰冷，還能治療失眠及避免產生惡夢都有作用;另外對調節女性月經來潮、懷孕、哺乳及嬰兒的安撫都有效用，並能防止流產及作嘔。
尤其正紅色的紅瑪瑙則可加強血液循環、讓氣色變好，也可改善內分泌、避免性無能與不孕產生。
而偏橘色的紅瑪瑙則可對直腸、胃腸都有效用，可活化內臟、預防便秘、幫助排出毒素，對肝病、風濕、神經痛、靜脈曲張等都有舒緩的功用。
不同顏色的瑪瑙各有其作用，其中波斯瓦那也是瑪瑙的一種，是天然完整的有眼礦珠，具有超強能量場，可以強化人體的以太禁網生理能量場，對人體七個能量脈輪作能量傳輸與開發，可加強個人氣魄與磁場，吸引正面力量與好運，增強運勢！
三、心理作用
對目前現況消極、沒有目標及衝勁的人，有刺激其好奇心及行動力的作用，讓其認清目標急起直追，也能消除敵人的惡意與忌妒，帶來和平的新關係。可加強創意與創作力，在創作的過程中靈感泉湧。
四、瑪瑙的特異能量
傳說千年瑪瑙、萬年玉，瑪瑙之所以能經久不衰，自然有其獨特之處，瑪瑙具備一種巨大的能量，它能強化和落實我們身上的力量，消除我們身上的負面能量。
瑪瑙本身具有極強的調和陰陽的能量，也能夠幫助佩戴者克服心靈上的痛苦和怒氣，能讓佩戴者保持一種平靜理性的態度，也能撫平我們心中的創傷。
如果只看瑪瑙這一種特點，似乎與其他的一些水晶沒有太大的區別，也不足以讓它脫穎而出。但是實際上，瑪瑙在穩定我們氣場和舒緩心靈痛苦上，是有著它很特別的一面。
水晶撫平情緒無外乎有兩種，一種是刺激你的氣場讓你的氣場活躍起來，讓你感覺開心，比如粉晶、紅紋都有這樣的效果。而另一種則是讓你整個人平靜下來，充滿了理性和冷靜，譬如天河石、月光石這樣的效果會比較明顯。
瑪瑙的不同之處在於，瑪瑙本身的磁場是沉厚而安靜的，它並不是通過以上兩種方式來影響佩戴者，而是在佩戴的過程中，潛移默化的影響佩戴者，讓這種心靈上勇敢和平衡成為你的一部分，讓你接受自我，增強自信。它的作用從來都不是硬來的，而是緩緩的、讓你由衷的去克服屬於你的消極狀態，撫平你的痛苦和怒氣，還有你的緊張和壓抑。而這些品質最後都會成為你的一部分，並幫助你在你的經歷中提升自己，而並不是在摘下它以後消失殆盡。這也是為什麼瑪瑙自古就受到了我們先人的推崇的原因之一。
但是瑪瑙本身也一個弱點，這就是瑪瑙的磁場過於穩定以後，它的效果會比較慢。這在追求速效的時代，讓瑪瑙比起其他的水晶來說，有著先天的弱勢。
五、瑪瑙佩戴的小知識
佩戴瑪瑙吊墜的人，會更容易接受來自他人的愛，如果你有心儀的人，不妨考慮來個情侶款瑪瑙吊墜，攻克它的心房。
很多人喜歡佩戴瑪瑙，是因為瑪瑙並不挑人，所以誰都可以佩戴，這確實省去了許多麻煩。
瑪瑙有一點與玉相同，就是有些女生的磁場與瑪瑙會有相當的融合而養潤瑪瑙，讓瑪瑙呈現非常圓潤的光芒。
但這裡要提醒大家一家，如果你的瑪瑙慢慢變得黯淡無光，甚至失去光澤，而且你戴的不是染得比較差勁的瑪瑙的話，你就要好好檢討一下自己是否過於急躁，或者內心中有著太多的雜念，而讓這穩定巨大的能量也無力抵抗了。
因為瑪瑙具備的清潔能力，是會讓它本能的去清潔佩戴者的負能量，一旦你的身心出了問題，直接受影響的就是你佩戴的瑪瑙。
雖說瑪瑙適合所有人佩戴，但瑪瑙在不同的部位會有不同的效果，對於腸胃不好，消化功能比較弱的人，可以用瑪瑙原石在腹部進行按摩，這樣有利於觸動你的消化功能，對你的腸胃有好處。
而對於一個敏感、而又想佩戴效果比較強的人，可以考慮把水晶跟瑪瑙一起佩戴。這樣做的原因是因為瑪瑙具有集中和穩定能量的功能，它是能夠穩定我們身邊的力量，並讓這種力量落實到實處。換句話說，我們希望得到譬如粉晶的愉悅心情，但是你手頭的粉晶似乎跟你不是太和，我們就可以利用瑪瑙的力量來落實粉晶的力量。
六、鑒識瑪瑙飾品：紅色最名貴
瑪瑙的自然色主要有紅色、琥珀色和白色，其中，紅色最為名貴。
而市面上出售的藍色、紫色的瑪瑙首飾不是本色，是經過加工後染上的，用幾年後會出現褪色。
隨著瑪瑙越來越受到人們的喜愛，瑪瑙飾品在市場上的供應量也隨之大增，同時假瑪瑙也在魚龍之地出現。經過加工後染色的假瑪瑙，用幾年後會出現褪色。那麼，怎樣鑒別真假瑪瑙首飾呢？
話說：“千種瑪瑙、萬種玉。”瑪瑙又叫文石，也叫馬腦。英文名Agate，非玉非石，自成一類，有紅、白、黑3種，也有紋如纏絲的，其中，紅瑪瑙被稱為上品。
消費者要避免上當受騙，買到稱心如意的瑪瑙飾品，就需要掌握一定的瑪瑙鑒別知識。怎樣鑒別真假瑪瑙首飾呢？
可以從以下幾個方面著手：
1.顏色:
真瑪瑙色澤鮮明光亮，假瑪瑙的色和光均差一些，二者對比較為明顯。天然紅瑪瑙顏色分明，條帶十分明顯，仔細觀察，在紅色條帶處可見密集排列的細小紅色斑點。用石料仿製的假瑪瑙煙壺多數在底部呈花瓣形花紋，絡成“菊花底”；而染色藍瑪瑙顏色豔麗、均一，給人一種假的感覺。
2.透明度:
真瑪瑙透明度不如人工合成的好，稍有混沌，有的可看見自然水線或“雲彩”，而人工合成的瑪瑙透明度好，像玻璃球一樣透明。
3.重量:
真瑪瑙首飾比人工合成的瑪瑙首飾重一些。
4.溫度:
真瑪瑙冬暖夏涼，而人工合成瑪瑙隨外界溫度而變化，天熱它也變熱，天涼它也變涼。
5.質地:
假瑪瑙多為石料仿製，與真瑪瑙比質地較軟，用玉可在假瑪瑙上可劃出痕跡，而真品則劃不出。從表面上看，真瑪瑙少有瑕疵，假瑪瑙則較多。
6.工藝:
品質質優的瑪瑙生產工藝嚴格且先進，故表面光亮度好，鑲嵌牢固、周正，無劃痕、裂紋。
7.級別:
水膽瑪瑙是瑪瑙中最為珍貴的品種，特徵是瑪瑙中有封閉的空洞，其中含有水。
總之，大家在選擇瑪瑙飾品時，首先要根據自己的喜好來選顏色。
紅色瑪瑙首飾最為貴重，如選瑪瑙項鍊須注意每顆珠子的顏色深淺要一樣，沒有雜色，珠子的大小搭配要適當，還要注意光潔度要好。
然後，把項鍊提起來看看是否垂直，每顆珠子是否都垂在一條線上，如果項鍊出現彎曲，這說明有的珠子的眼兒偏了，加工工藝粗糙。
另外，龍麟瑪瑙是商業名詞，真正的面目是瑪瑙晶化現象。
一般市售的瑪瑙天珠礦脈品種有黑玉瓍天珠、紅玉瓍天珠、白玉瓍天珠、九頁岩瑪瑙天珠、雪花天珠、阿卡天珠、帝王石天珠、五行天珠…等，種類繁多。都是由西藏開採出來的，因為西藏開採的出來的瑪瑙磁場較一般瑪瑙強勁，故一律稱做天珠(新天珠)，也就是俗稱的龍麟。
地處遼西的阜新是中國主要的瑪瑙產地、加工地、瑪瑙制品集散地，瑪瑙資源儲量豐富，佔全國儲量的50%以上，且質地優良。阜新盛產瑪瑙，不僅色澤豐富，紋理瑰麗，品種齊全，而且還產珍貴的水膽瑪瑙。阜新縣老河土鄉甄家窩卜村的紅瑪瑙和梅力板村前山的綠瑪瑙極為珍貴。
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