玉髓與瑪瑙
楊惟婷
也許許多人會疑惑，為何收藏行家對玉髓總是毫不猶豫的一擲千金，到底是什麼優越條件，讓它被業內行家如此青睞？
一、玉髓、瑪瑙和玉石的區別
1、玉髓的英文名稱為Chalcedony。
玉髓的物理性質其實是一種石英，屬隱晶質石英寶石，
具有蠟一樣的光澤和非常溫潤的構造。
成份：二氧化矽
晶體結構：三方晶系（隱晶系）
硬度：7
光學性質：折射率1.53-1.54，具雙折射0.004
2、瑪瑙的英文名稱為Agate。
瑪瑙是拉丁文西西里的阿蓋特河（Rive Achates）的名稱，這是義大利（狄奧佛拉塔時期）Theophrastus首次發現瑪瑙的地方。
瑪瑙一詞出自佛經，梵語本稱“阿斯瑪加波”，意為“馬腦”。
瑪瑙一詞在中國的應用較早。
瑪瑙賦存於基性火山岩期後熱液型礦床、火山岩裂隙和空洞中。
化學成分以SiO2為主，還常含有微量元素，如鐵、錳、鎳等。
晶體形態屬隱晶質，具粒狀、纖維狀結構。
瑪瑙具有各種顏色的環帶條紋。瑪瑙和玉髓純者為白色，因含色素離子和雜質使瑪瑙顏色非常豐富，所以有“千種瑪瑙萬種玉”之說，
顏色為紅、藍、綠、蔥綠、黃褐、褐、紫、灰、黑等色，
且有同心狀、層狀、波紋狀、斑紋狀各樣花紋。
油脂光澤至玻璃光澤，透明至半透明。
折光率1.54－1.55。
硬度7，密度2.61－2.65g/cm3。
無解理，貝殼狀斷口，有裂紋。
瑪瑙從古至今均屬受人們歡迎的中檔玉料。
3、玉髓類寶石最常與玉（Jade or Jadelite）混淆。
玉髓類寶石與玉兩者的外表有點相像，但仔細觀察其細部質地，可看出玉髓類較平滑，而玉較有與其他礦石相雜的紋理。
4、瑪瑙和玉髓與玉石的區別。
瑪瑙和玉髓均為隱晶質石英，礦物學中統稱為玉髓。
寶石界將其中具紋帶構造隱晶質塊體石英稱瑪瑙，
如果塊體無紋帶構造則稱玉髓。
所以，玉髓其實是一種瑪瑙，只是其質地較純，顏色較鮮艷，沒有如一般瑪瑙所具有的條紋。瑪瑙和玉髓可根據不同顏色、紋帶及其它花紋來區分。
而玉髓製品容易與東陵石、密玉、碧玉等相混淆，可以根據顏色、質地、密度等方面的差別來區分。
玉髓製品光亮、隱晶質結構，質地細膩。
東陵石等石英岩顆粒粗大，細粒結構，質地相對較粗糙。
與綠玉髓相似的玉石有綠色翡翠、綠松石、天河石等。
綠色翡翠有斑晶交織結構，可見到斑晶或纖維狀硬玉晶體。
綠松石透明度差，瓷器光澤，硬度低，為5－6。
天河石具有明顯格子狀條紋。
5、玉髓和瑪瑙的評價與選購。
玉髓的品種：綠玉髓（又稱澳洲玉）、濃綠玉髓、碧石、血玉髓（又稱雞血石）等。
玉髓的顏色純正而美麗，塊度越大越好。綠玉髓、蔥綠玉髓的優質者最為珍貴。玉髓多加工成戒面、手鐲、項鏈等首飾。
瑪瑙按形態特徵可劃分為以下幾個品種：
縞瑪瑙（有纏絲瑪瑙和截子瑪瑙之分）、紅縞瑪瑙、苔蘚瑪瑙（又稱樹枝狀瑪瑙）、風景瑪瑙（又稱城砦瑪瑙）、火瑪瑙、水膽瑪瑙。
著名的南京“雨花石”是具同心紋構造的瑪瑙的一種。
瑪瑙的評價與選購因素是顏色、透明度、塊度。
工藝要求是顏色鮮艷、純正，色層厚﹔表面光潔，透明度高﹔紋飾均勻、明晰，線性程度好﹔質地細膩、堅韌﹔無裂紋或裂紋少﹔塊度大。紅色和藍色為最佳。
二、令人摯愛千年的靈動之物
玉髓擁有多種美豔絢麗的色彩，通常有淡藍白、灰、黃、紅色…。
它看起來似透非透、半濃半淡，欲說還休的含蓄、絲絲入骨的柔情。它個性低調而神秘，從不張揚。它又似一副瑤池盛宴裡灑向人間的瓊漿凝固後的樣子，充滿靈性，所以，它常被人們當作珍貴的寶石。
玉髓的美雖不及碧璽的豔麗，但溫潤的美也別有一番清麗的嫵媚。
玉髓的性子是柔軟的，那份柔軟有幾分溫柔的感覺，接觸久了，你似乎也能傳染到它的那份恬靜的溫柔。
當您與一塊玉髓面對面時，很可能把它當成一塊翠綠濃鬱的翡翠、絲柔微透的海藍寶或清淡朦朧的紫水晶。所以面對玉髓時，不要馬上下定論，從內心去感受，感受那份絲絲柔情，那份流入骨中的柔媚。
玉髓是一種秀麗而溫潤的寶石，它的磁場非常穩定，可以很純粹的圍繞佩戴者自身產生功效，如果你想要讓自己本身有一定的促進，那麼玉髓會是非常合適你的水晶。
玉髓在激勵我們人生觀上，有著正面、有效的作用。特別是一些容易產生自我懷疑的人，玉髓能夠幫助他們建立穩定豁達的心態。
對於我們身邊的負能量，玉髓也有吸收的作用。玉髓能幫助佩戴者積極看待生活中的挫折，而不是消極以對。並鼓勵佩戴者熱情的看待身邊發生的事物，並去善待身邊的人。
玉髓還有驅散噩夢的功效，但是不同顏色的玉髓對睡眠會有不同的影響，一般建議用白玉髓、灰玉髓或者粉玉髓來驅散噩夢的效果會比較好。
三、不同色彩玉髓，有不同的溫潤柔情
人類千年以來，從未停止對玉髓的鍾愛，那是浩蕩千年的情思。
古歐洲人專門喜歡那些有色彩變化的玉髓，這樣就可以根據玉髓自然形成的色彩變化進行創作，製作各種浮雕胸針和吊墜。
許多古代傳說和宗教，也都賦予玉髓特殊的功能和地位。
玉髓文化發展到今天，使人們在欣賞它的美麗的同時，更深信玉髓能帶來好運與健康。
玉髓類寶石，可根據顏色將其做細項分類:
綠色的綠玉髓（Chrysoprase），藍色的藍玉髓（Blue Chalcedony），橘紅色的光玉髓（Cornelian），紅色的紅玉髓（Sard）。
玉髓各種顏色是因含有不同礦物質，而有所不同。
其中，如含有氧化鐵呈半透明橙紅色的光玉髓；紅棕色變種的紅玉髓等；另外有著青蘋果綠的綠玉髓也很受大家喜愛!
1、紅色玉髓：
紅色的玉髓是玉髓中最為激情的一種，它是自信的象徵，很適合沒有自我意志力、容易被左右的人佩戴。
以光玉髓（Cornelian）與紅玉髓（Sard）來說，並沒有很精準的顏色區分，一般較偏橘紅色的稱光玉髓，顏色較偏棕紅、深紅色的稱紅玉髓，不過兩者也常常混稱，實在說起來，並不須要太在意。
2、粉色玉髓：
粉色玉髓是比較常見的一種，區別於紅色的激情，粉色的玉髓能夠更多是促進我們內心的寧靜，因此粉色玉髓也是很適合睡覺時候佩戴的水晶之一。
粉玉髓也能帶來信任的情感，令愛戀中的情人或是夫妻間和諧相處。同時，粉玉髓還能醫治愛情的創傷，這對失戀的人，可是一副療傷的良藥。
3、藍色玉髓（Blue Chalcedony）：
藍玉髓，是水晶石家族成員之一大系列，它之所以呈藍色是因為含有銅的緣故，臺灣地區產的藍玉髓也含有矽孔雀石。
藍玉髓在中低檔玉石產品中，價格也是較高的。
藍玉髓亦稱為紫藍晶，是西曆3月份的生辰幸運石。
藍色玉髓會給一種創造的契機，因為藍色的玉髓的力量更為活躍和靈活，可以提高我們對自我的感知能力，並樂觀的去看待未來的發展，這對於焦慮明天好不好的人，是非常合適的。
藍玉髓（Blue Chalcedony）是蠻受歡迎的寶石，呈灰藍色，價格高者色深鮮艷，質地透。
市面上有種稱紫玉髓的寶石，其實也該歸為藍玉髓的偏紫色品種．
台灣所產的台灣藍寶，有人稱其為藍玉髓，其實較精確的名稱應為矽孔雀石石英，顏色較偏飽和的藍綠色，與常見的藍玉髓不同。
4、綠玉髓
綠玉髓，又名綠瑪瑙，一種寶石，英文單詞chrysoprase，來自希臘語「chrysos」和「prason」，意思是黃金和韭菜。它是含有鎳的纖維狀石英，通常呈蘋果綠色，但會有深淺差異。
這是一種准晶體結構的礦石，構成的水晶相當好，在普通放大倍率下無法看到雜質。綠玉髓與其他各種透明而且雕琢成六個面的水晶，如白水晶、紫水晶、黃水晶等有別。與石英礦石家族中的不透明礦石相比，綠玉髓以色而貴，不以加工技術而貴。其他准晶體結構礦石尚有瑪瑙、紅玉髓和縞玉髓。
綠玉髓相當稀少，色彩誘人，是最具價值的石英礦石之一，易與翡翠混淆。綠玉髓已成為5月的生辰石之一。
祖母綠中含有鉻，所以呈現漂亮綠色；而綠玉髓的綠色是因為含有鎳。
綠玉髓（Chrysoprase）主產於澳洲，因此，市面上也常稱其為澳洲玉（Austria Jade），這其實是很不精確，易使人混淆，甚至會誤會其是假玉。
實際上，綠玉髓可是玉髓類價格最高的一種寶石，顏色呈深淺不一的綠色，有些呈蘋果綠，有些呈蔥綠色．
綠玉髓雖屬石髓類，但其礦物級的原石紋理，不似一般瑪瑙成條紋狀，而是呈褐色斑紋．
印度所產的血石（Bloodstone），其實該被視為綠玉髓的一種，深綠色的外表上具有因氧化鐵而形成的紅色斑點，此紅色血斑曾被認為代表耶穌的聖血，而將其視為聖石。
玉髓類的寶石，其估價要注意其質地，越透越佳，顏色越深越鮮艷，價格會越高。
等級到寶石級的價格，都會比一般瑪瑙高上許多，不可等一視之。
四、玉髓的佩戴和保養
關於玉髓的佩帶位置，無拘無束，無論是頭上、脖子上、手指上、手腕上、甚至腰上、腳上，只要你覺得合適，都可以佩帶。
唯一要注意的是，不要與其他磁場比較強的水晶交雜在一起佩帶，因為過強的其他水晶磁場會抵消玉髓的工作效率。
所以，在佩戴玉髓時需要注意，儘量選擇水晶質地比較純，以及水晶樣式比較寬的玉髓。
在佩戴任何一種玉髓時，也要注意玉髓的保養。
水晶使用久了，若沒有得到個人本身磁場滋養的話，就一定需要保養。
故水晶通常使用一段時間，就需要淨化，要將磁場裡的一些不良磁場給淨化出去。
而玉髓不同，玉髓不能稱之為淨化，而是需要保養，或者說需要充電。
對於玉髓的保養，建議是最少每半個月一次，充電的方法最好是選擇水晶簇保養的方法，只要24個小時，保證你的玉髓能恢復到剛剛被採出那一刻的乾淨、透亮。
當然了我們不是每個人家裡都隨時有水晶蔟等著淨化的，另一方法就是曬月光，不同的是要曬足月圓的三天，也就是每月十五、十六、十七這三天，玉髓也能恢復到不錯的狀態，但使用這種方法，最好還是每三個月拿到水晶店裡在水晶簇上淨化 一次，這樣才能保證玉髓的能量源源不斷的影響你，所以記住，一定要有耐心哦！
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I have seen a great deal of useful things on your internet site about desktops. However, I have the judgment that lap tops are still not nearly powerful sufficiently to be a option if you normally do projects that require a lot of power, for instance video editing and enhancing. But for web surfing, microsoft word processing, and many other prevalent computer work they are fine, provided you don’t mind your little friend screen size. Many thanks sharing your ideas.
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