頭髮健康問題
楊惟婷
頭髮健康不僅影響個人的外表美觀,也反映著整個身體系統的健康狀態。
一、頭髮生理結構
頭髮基本生理結構如下﹕
頭髮分為露在外面的髮幹,以及長在頭皮裡的毛囊部分。
髮幹由蛋白質構成,不具有生命,毛囊則由細胞組成,為有生命的部分。
頭皮的毛囊依據生長的狀態可分為生長期、過渡期、休止期。
正常情況下約有90 %的毛囊處於生長期,10 %處於休止期。
頭髮生長的速率約為每個月一公分,隨著年紀而減緩。
生長期的時間約為二至六年,之後經過二至三星期的過渡期後進入休止期,再經過二至三個月後掉落,而被新生的頭髮取代。
每根毛囊一直在進行週期性的生長與休息,在生長與休息之間便產生了正常的生理性掉髮。
二、頭髮最常見的健康問題
一般頭髮健康最常見的問題如下:
˙我為什麼會掉髮?我有沒有禿髮問題?
˙禿髮會不會遺傳?家裡沒有其他人掉髮為什麼只有我?
˙頭皮出油量多阻塞毛孔怎麼辦?
˙熬夜壓力和掉髮有沒有關係?
˙電腦看太久、用腦過度會不會掉頭髮?
˙該怎麼清潔頭髮?常洗頭會不會掉更多?
˙抽菸會不會影響掉髮?
˙白頭髮該不該拔?是否用腦過度?
˙如何讓頭髮健康?
三、頭皮的清潔
想擁有一頭絲絲入扣的秀髮,想避開日常掉髮危機,就必需要有健康的頭皮。因為落髮、頭皮屑、頭髮油膩,這些惱人的頭髮問題,都跟頭皮健康與否息息相關。要保持頭皮健康,就要從頭皮清潔與保養做起,而選擇適合自己的洗髮精或髮皂,也成為重要的一門學問。
其實要避免最後掉髮的命運,平時可以透過正確洗髮方式與使用適合的洗髮精,就可以防患於未然。
如果發現出現頭皮發癢、不舒服、頭皮屑多的情況,最好每天洗一次頭,尤其頭髮屬於油性的人。
正確洗髮方式是,先塗抹髮皂或洗髮精在手上,先用手搓出泡沫,再往頭髮上塗抹。
那麼,又如何挑選適合的洗髮精及護髮產品?
洗髮精主要功能在於清潔頭皮,除此以外,其中所含的殺菌成份,也必需有抑菌效果,而舒適感也是考量之一。
但為避免清潔過度傷害髮質,選擇髮皂或洗髮精時,要考量頭皮屑、出油量,並且要看成份是否適合自己,要特別注意,若髮皂或洗髮精濃度過高,會導致過度刺激頭皮,反而容易有反效果。
無論選擇的是髮皂或洗髮精,最好講求天然成份,這樣比較不會有一些負作用,像是會引起頭皮過敏或乾澀等。
四、頭皮的保養
每當季節變換時候(溫差大),或是工作壓力變大、生活作息混亂,以及飲食酸辣量增多…等情況,往往會發現頭皮油脂不斷冒出來,接著是頭皮屑一堆,如果未善加處理,有可能導致掉髮。
事實上,現代人飲食習慣不佳,高油、高糖的食物攝取過多,蔬果又吃太少,加上染髮、燙髮習慣,以及工作壓力大、熬夜,更容易讓頭皮在不知不覺情況下受傷,而致掉髮危險產生。
所以,要預防頭皮發炎或出現掉髮現象,必需調整以下習慣﹕
1、維持作息正常,不要熬夜。
2、攝取好的蛋白質,多吃蔬菜水果、維他命C,最好三餐能吃一點清淡的魚肉,並避免吃進太多豬腳後腿肉較高油脂的食物,例如水餃、鍋貼、燒賣、乾麵等,還有甜食也應該少吃,這些都是有效的頭皮營養照護。
4、戒掉吸菸習慣。
5、避免過度的染燙,造成頭髮斷裂。
6、目前醫學上除了Minoxidil之外,還沒有其他公認有效的外用生髮成分,所以不必過度相信所謂的健髮產品。
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