天然水晶的評價
楊惟婷
一、礦物晶體的全球分佈狀況
水晶是地殼上分布最廣的礦物。最主要元素是二氧化矽 (SiO2)，即是石英 (Quartz)。
水晶是在石英結晶中，最為透明，而且呈美麗結晶形狀者。
水晶的語源，是來自於希臘語“澄清的鮮水”。
在日本，很早以前就把水晶稱為“水精”，這是由於口含水晶時，將可以解渴的中國觀念下的“水之精”而來。
水晶是一種天然的結晶，結晶過程需要數千年，甚至數千萬年才能凝聚成為水晶，標準的水晶形狀是兩頭有錐面的六邊形柱體，晶體是生長在晶洞當中，水晶成形於573°Ｃ以下溫度之石英，硬度7度 (僅次於鑽石硬度)，屈折率 1.544-1.553偏光性，比重2.60-2.66。
目前主要產自巴西、烏拉圭、非洲、美洲、中國等地!
各種水晶內含有不同的微量金屬，使各種水晶擁有其獨特的顏色，紫水晶含少量鐵、黃水晶含少量金砂石、粉水晶含少量鈦…等。
不同礦產資源的產出，要有其相適應的特殊的物理、化學環境條件，故在世界各地有相當的不均勻性的礦產資源。例如:
1、大陸的礦產資源豐富，尤其像稀土金屬、銻、鎢等。
2、巴西的晶洞狀紫水晶已遠銷世界各地。巴西還產優質的碧璽、黃玉和海藍寶石、綠柱石（祖母綠）等。
3、位於南部非洲的島國馬達加斯加，產出大量呈現靚麗斑彩的菊石化石。此外，馬國還產碧璽、磷灰石、綠柱石、天青石、拉長石等礦晶，應引起關注。
4、美國科羅拉多州甜屋礦出產豔麗的鮮紅色菱錳礦，該礦是舉世聞名的專業開採礦物晶體的礦山。美國還有優質的自然銅和自然金。
5、南非、澳大利亞亦產出大量的自然金。
6、挪威、德國和墨西哥產自然銀。
7、東南亞地區寶石資源豐富，緬甸紅寶石、紅碧璽，越南紅寶石、尖晶石，斯里蘭卡藍寶石，這些國家大量產出寶石級原料，然而同時還有不少完整晶體長在圍岩上，可作為礦晶的。值得注意。近年巴基斯坦產的精美碩大的海藍寶石晶體長在淺色圍岩上，頗受收藏者鍾愛。
8、非洲剛果、尚比亞等產銅國家出產極精美的孔雀石礦晶，前些年，當地售價很低，不少還當作銅礦石出口，用來煉銅；近年好的礦晶已限制大量出口，而是製成工藝品提高附加值。
9、中非、剛果、俄羅斯產出翠綠色透明度極佳的透視石，猶如優質的哥倫比亞祖母綠，亦令人愛不釋手。
10、印度盛產魚眼石和沸石，魚眼石呈無色的或鮮綠色的透明晶體，常與不同色彩、不同晶形的沸石共生，相當漂亮。印度還產出晶洞狀纖水矽鈣石，細粒水晶、方解石上長出大大小小毛茸茸的白色球狀晶體，頗奇特。
二、天然水晶的業內分級
基本上，天然水晶目前沒有嚴格的國際分級標準，但天然水晶還是有成色、等級之分，不同品質等級的水晶價格相差很大。
下面是一個不算嚴格的業內約定俗成。鑒定的依據是不借助放大鏡時、肉眼觀察的結果，主要針對白水晶，有以下幾種級別：
1、AA 級（市場俗稱3A級）：
全美級，也就是整個水晶裡外皆透明無暇，完全沒有冰裂或雲霧，表面也沒有人工琢磨時所造成的傷痕。此AA級水晶產量稀少，體積越大跟價格成正比，一顆70 mm的水晶球跟100 mm的水晶球價格就差了10倍之多，100 mm的AA級水晶球市價約15萬~30萬不等，100mm 水晶球又跟200mm 的水晶球價格又差了10倍之多 ! 所以如果您想要買此類的水晶球，必須經過專業的儀器測試，免得受騙上當喔 !
2、A-級（市場俗稱2A級）：
比AA低一級，有細微的瑕疵，如天然的內含物，不超過二至三釐米的雲霧狀或棉絮物，此等級的水晶比AA級的水晶價格便宜了許多，一般的路邊小販、攤商是很少有此等級的水晶，雖然價格比AA級便宜很多，但以一般水晶的市場來說，價格也算不斐，如果要買等級高的水晶，又怕買到養晶或是假的水晶，此等級容易分辨，是不錯的選擇。
3、A級：
比A-級又低一級，有輕微瑕疵，如雲霧狀，棉絮物或者人為撞擊的表面傷痕，用肉眼很容易看得見，此等級比較廣泛，價格也較為世人所接受，一般的百貨公司及優質的水晶店家都是販售此種等級的水晶，價格不會很高，而且美觀又大方。
4、AB級：
比A級又低一級，有明顯的內含物，長條大片的雲霧狀，棉絮物，內部有小冰裂痕或明顯的人為撞擊傷痕，但沒有明顯的大型冰裂痕，價格當然也是中價位，不過有很多不肖商人，把此種水晶說的天花亂墬，價格哄抬許多，當作A級在賣，請消費者特別注意。
5、B級：
比AB級再低一級，整顆天然水晶有接近一半以上呈霧狀，棉絮物或有明顯的大型冰裂痕且用指甲可以感覺出冰裂痕所在，一般會出現在古董拍賣場、網路拍賣、路邊攤販、夜市攤販或是 soho 族居多，價格便宜，常常會被外行的消費者誤認為,水晶就是廉價的東西，所以經常會拿此等級到處去比價。
6、C級：
最低一級，整體呈雲霧狀，冰裂痕跡很明顯，表面也有明顯裂痕，好像隨時會碎。
三、天然水晶的一般選購標準
水晶的選購其實很簡單，一般市場上天然晶石的選購標準，以越大越好、質地越清透越好、顏色越純越嬌嫩越好、品相越典型完整越好！
通常體積大、質地清、顏色嬌嫩、品相端正(或特殊) 者，價值就越高。
四、適性的選購標準
近年來，天然水晶飾品人氣越來越旺，不少人都紛紛戴起了水晶。
大家不僅喜歡天然水晶的質感，更是篤信關於天然水晶的種種神奇傳說，希望借水晶提升自己的命運、健康。
不過，你若是企求水晶能量的人，倒是不需要遵循業界的分級標準，也就是說，您在乎的是好不好用，而不是好不好看時，那麼您的選購標準應該是 :
質量越大越好、能量越強越好、效果越快越好。
所以，水晶的選購有很大一部分的因素是我們自己的 “直覺” ，而不要在乎別人怎麼看，因每個水晶都有它獨特的美，就看你從哪個角度去看它了。個人認為，選購天然水晶時，自己喜歡才是最重要。
五、水晶的評價
水晶可以說是完美無瑕的石英晶體，人見人愛。
但有人會疑問，為何水晶的價格為何遠遠不及鑽石？
當然物以稀為貴，是亙古不變的決定因素。
水晶的產量的確十分豐富，巴西的水晶是以噸計價的，臺灣的水晶市場也多以公斤做為計價單位，不像鑽石用克拉來計算。
一件有趣的事情是，人們擔心人造鑽石的大量出現會影響天然鑽石的未來市場價格。但是天然水晶市場，卻完全不受人工水晶的影響。
目前人造水晶廣泛應用於工業界：時鐘、手錶等計時器，使用石英振盪器，通訊器材中的頻率控制器也是用人造水晶，乃至於電腦、電動玩具都須使用人工石英晶體。其實人工培育水晶的物理、化學條件容易掌控，就晶體的純淨度、瑕疵度而言，人造水晶比絕大部分的天然水晶好很多。只是目前人工培育的水晶僅滿足了廣大的工業應用需求，尚未進入寶石市場。
影響天然水晶價位的因素很多，不像鑽石以4C 就可以判定，所以建議大家還是要多聽、多看、多比較，才能真正判斷出來。
基本上，評價天然水晶飾品的價值仍可參考以下五個面向：
1、數量：
水晶的確是看品相、看稀有程度，數量越少越好。
例如無色水晶和煙水晶比較多，黃水晶和紫水晶比較少，所以，粉晶的市場價比黃水晶、紫水晶都要便宜。
髮晶包裹體水晶產量也比較少，價值就較高。
天然水晶中以品質好的碧璽、髮晶、綠幽靈的價格最貴。
2、淨度：
水晶球、水晶首飾等，質地要愈精純愈好，澄澈無瑕，無不良氣泡雜質才是上品。但若是觀賞水晶，則要求有包裹體。
3、包體：
完整、形象、色彩豔麗、寓意清晰是上品。
4、工藝：
製造過程愈複雜的水晶，單價愈高，而以機器模具大量生產者，價格較低。水晶以雕藝品較具珍藏價值，若為大師級作品，則更為珍貴。
5、晶體大小
水晶的價值還與晶體大小相關，同樣的級別，越大越難得。
而有時候級別雖然低一些，但晶體夠大，也可能價格高於高級別的小晶體。
這是由於天然水晶的開採和製作原因，不產生瑕疵的水晶很難得到，或者是用一大塊水晶磨製出一件小飾品，AA級的產品已不多見，是市場上的極品，具有很高的收藏價值。在目前市場上，能得到A-級和A級的天然水晶已經是令人羨慕的了。
另外，由於水晶的特性，在佩戴過程中，也會改變其等級，比如因為各種原因，有可能會逐漸產生較大冰裂。
總之，物以稀為貴，才是亙古不變的決定因素。
須留意，很多中低檔的天然水晶貨色，經人為炒作，賣的價格卻不輸高檔水晶，比的是誰比較會用嘴巴賣水晶！
另外，一般人買水晶飾品，往往認為一定要到百貨公司或專賣店買的水晶才是真貨。其實，玉市的價錢較便宜，是因為第一手批貨，加上太多攤位可比價，競爭十分激烈。
一般除了髮晶、鈦晶、碧璽……等少數的晶石，普通水晶和瑪瑙的成本批價都很便宜、且反而沒什麼假貨。
在玉市中，大多水晶的手珠和墜子的價錢都在三位數，尤其白水晶和瑪瑙是最便宜的，有些種類的水晶產量很多，價錢本來就很便宜，像是粉晶、東菱石…..等，而且因為價位不高，所以也沒有必要仿冒。
即使是少數價高的晶石飾物也不會超過三、四千元。
但是出了玉市到店面，尤其，很多百貨公司賣的所謂「全美」的極品粉晶，標榜完全透明、無內包物、無雲霧狀、無任何瑕疵的粉晶，可漫天開價，往往價錢開到好幾千塊。價錢都會翻兩、三倍，甚至到十幾倍。
來看看一段樓上、樓下的對話：
今天在嘉義市亂晃，晃到一家黑店 =_=|||
店名我就不要講了
水晶靈擺 1000
粉晶小手珠 800~1200
綠幽靈墜 2500
特別來講那個綠幽靈墜，我之前買了一塊，一樣大小的
玉市開價600 ，被我們殺到400，這家店竟然賣到2500…..|||
粉晶小手珠，我記得當初在玉市看到一堆，差不多的一串才100
你要賺錢了不起多賣個幾百塊，這家店竟然賣到 1200!!!!!
水晶靈擺，玉市一顆100 ，網拍貴一點600
不道德的、大一點的size賣你1200，
這家店靈擺明明是小顆的要1000!!!!
另外，真正的天珠價錢都是五、六位數起跳
但天珠現在已經幾乎不在市面上流通了
一般看到的都是染色瑪瑙
那就直接買瑪瑙還天然多了
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