攝護腺癌的預防
楊惟婷
現在還沒有任何辦法能保證男性一定不會得到攝護腺疾病，但還是可以做些努力，降低罹患攝護腺疾病的風險，或至少減緩疾病的進程。
維護攝護腺及身體的健康，有二個最重要的步驟可以進行：
一、多吃抗癌食物
研究人員發現，某些特定的植物性食物，似乎特別有預防或控制攝護腺癌的效果。這些食物如下：
1、番茄：
番茄含有一種特殊的化學物質，叫茄紅素。茄紅素是一種很強的抗氧化劑，能保護身體細胞不受自由基（一種毒性分子，會損害細胞）的影響。
一項包括4萬8千人、長達5年的研究結果指出，一週吃10份番茄製食物的人罹患攝護腺癌的風險較低，約較一週吃2份以下的人低三分之一。
煮熟的番茄食物中，例如湯裡的番茄、義大利麵及披薩裡的醬汁等，要比新鮮的番茄或番茄汁等生的番茄製品，更具有顯著的抗癌效果。原因可能是，煮熟番茄裡的茄紅素比較容易被人體吸收。
其他的研究結果也都顯示，茄紅素還能有效降低罹患大腸癌、直腸癌、乳癌、肺癌及胃癌等癌症的機率。此外，對於預防心臟病發作可能也有功效。西瓜及粉紅肉的葡萄柚裡，也含有少量的茄紅素。
2、大豆製品：
大豆能刺激體內的結合蛋白質（球蛋白），並抑制性荷爾蒙睪固酮及雌激素。這些球蛋白與性荷爾蒙結合後，就會抑制荷爾蒙的作用。
又因為睪固酮會餵養攝護腺癌，研究人員推論，如果荷爾蒙的作用減低，癌症腫瘤復發及惡化的風險也會跟著降低。
在亞洲，大豆製品是一項主要的食物，而亞洲人罹患某些癌症（如攝護腺癌及乳癌）的比率，也比其他地區的人低。
3、綠茶：
綠茶含有一種化學物質「兒茶素」，這種物質在蔬菜及紅酒裡也可發現。兒茶素跟其他的抗癌化學物質一樣，能明顯抑制癌生長所需酵素的活動力。梅約醫學中心的研究人員發現，低濃度的兒茶素（大約是3杯綠茶的含量）就足以抑制癌細胞的生長。
4、十字花科蔬菜：
十字花科蔬菜，屬於甘藍菜及芥菜家族，包括小白菜、青花椰菜、芽甘藍、包心菜、花椰菜、萵苣…等。這些蔬菜含有某種化學物質，能阻斷致癌物質的作用。
5、大蒜：
大蒜所含的硫化合物能強化免疫功能，幫助對抗疾病。硫可能還能減緩癌細胞的擴散，並幫助排除致癌物質的酵素增生。
烹調肉類食物時可加上新鮮的大蒜增加風味，或將大蒜加在以蔬菜為底的調味醬汁，增加飲食中的大蒜攝取量。
二、少吃脂肪
有好幾項研究指出，高脂肪飲食和攝護腺癌有著密不可分的關係。
其中一項由哈佛大學研究人員進行的研究，比較了大約5萬名男性的飲食後發現，飲食當中含有最多脂肪的男性，罹患攝護腺癌的機率比最少脂肪者大了幾乎80％；攝取的肉類食物大多為紅肉的男性，比飲食還包括魚及雞鴨肉的男性，罹患攝護腺癌的機率也大許多。
另一項理論則認為，飲食中的脂肪可能刺激不正常的細胞分裂，促使癌症腫瘤惡化。此外，有些脂肪容易被自由基氧化，造成細胞損傷。
原則上，脂肪攝取是愈少愈好，熱量也是愈低愈好。
參考資料來源﹕《MayoCliniconProstateHealth─攝護腺》
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