退燒的食療
楊惟婷整理
一、發燒本身不是病
發燒本身不是病,而是一種症狀。發燒也並不全是壞事,它是啟動了自己的免疫系統,抵抗感染的一種免疫保護性反應。
通常感冒、拉肚子、扁桃體發炎、中耳炎…等疾病都有可能引起發燒。普通的發燒雖然會不舒服,但目前並沒有明確證據能證明發燒會造成傷害,更不會「燒壞腦子」,除非是少見的熱性驚厥持續狀態和中暑。
相反,體溫升高可以減少體內微生物的複製和繁殖,也可以提高人體的炎症反應,有利於致病微生物的清除,發燒對病情恢復是有利的。
但孩子發燒,很多父母仍擔心會燒壞腦子。2011年2月28日出刊的美國《小兒科醫學》期刊中,有一篇專門討論「兒童發燒」文章。
文中指出,一般而言,幼兒發燒,父母不必驚慌,也不必急著給孩子服退燒藥,所謂腦子會燒壞這個說法,並沒有證據。文章說,發燒本身並不會傷害孩子,反倒會傳遞訊息給身體其他部門,製造更多白血球,以避免感染。
一旦發燒,細菌或病毒就不易侵襲人體,孩子康復反而較快。因此多數人如果發燒持續時間短,發點燒對病人有好處,可以保護病人。
文章提醒,自行服藥反倒可能使醫生不易正確診療,可能延誤病情。也可能因此使藥物中毒的風險加大。
長庚兒童醫院感染科主任黃玉成說,一個人生病發燒是一種對身體的保護反應,許多研究顯示,適度發燒可增強抵抗力,提升免疫系統功能,所以家長無需急著退燒。
但如果是三個月以下的嬰兒,發燒到卅八度就應服藥;
三個月到六個月大,發燒到卅八.三度就應服藥。
六個月以上嬰兒,發燒在卅九.四度以下,父母都不必擔心,
但若出現拉肚子或嘔吐症狀,另當別論,應該看醫生。
否則,通常不必服用退燒藥。
台北醫學大學附設醫院小兒科部主任陳中明也說,其實退燒藥屬改善症狀,對引起發燒的發炎反應及感冒病毒沒有任何療效,治標不治本。
如果孩子因發燒而很不舒服,才考慮服藥。
退燒藥另一作用是讓孩子避免脫水。
他表示,除非是高燒至四十一度以上,或因病毒侵襲引發腦膜炎、腦炎的高燒,才有傷害腦部之虞,否則一般發燒不太可能會燒壞腦子。
且退燒藥「乙醯氨酚」具有肝毒性,使用過量恐怕會傷害肝臟功能,甚至肝中毒。
建議家長不防先讓孩子多喝水或泡卅度的溫水澡,即可協助降溫。
二、感冒時,請大量喝溫開水
據西醫說法,感冒的致病原因是病毒,而病毒至今沒有特效藥,所以你就不必去想著用吃藥解決,最好最有效的方法就是大量喝溫開水,一天喝上幾大杯的溫開水,多上幾次廁所,是排出病毒最有效的方法。
如咽喉腫痛明顯時可以在溫水中稍稍加一點鹽,喝這種淡淡的溫鹽水,能很快緩解咽喉的疼痛。
三、受涼了,儘快排出體內寒氣
受涼是感冒的誘因,只要有手腳冰涼的情況,肯定是受涼了,儘快排出寒氣是治癒感冒的關鍵。
食療中的蔥、薑、蒜是排寒最好的食物,有的人喜歡用幾片生薑加上一勺紅糖煮水喝去寒,有的人喜歡用幾顆蔥煮水喝發汗去寒。
當受涼又伴有咳嗽時,在生薑紅糖水中加入幾瓣大蒜一起煮,喝下能祛寒、止咳嗽。
總之,不論是用蔥薑蒜祛寒,還是吃上一頓熱辣辣的火鍋祛寒,都能很快增加身體內的熱量,讓毛孔開放,透過出汗排出寒氣。
還有一個方法就是用溫水泡腳出汗排寒,效果同樣不錯,受風寒嚴重時,可以一邊喝著生薑紅糖水,一邊泡腳,一定要用桶泡,更容易出汗。
也可以取清艾條1/4根,撒碎後放入桶中,用滾開的水沖泡化開後,再加入溫水泡腳,泡到全身冒汗,再多喝溫開水,寒氣同樣很快能排出。
四、需要有充足的睡眠及休息
只要是有感冒症狀了,一定要及時休息,這是減輕病情,讓身體儘快恢復的關鍵。
一般經過大量的喝水,喝幾次溫熱的蔥薑蒜水,再泡腳出汗祛寒後,儘早的休息,第二天身體基本就能復原了。
五、感冒後,渾身酸痛怎麼辦?
渾身酸痛說明體內寒濕重,一定要多喝幾次生薑紅糖水,生薑可以多放。一次放上6~8片都可以。
六、感冒後,發燒怎麼辦?
感冒後發熱了要看手腳的溫度。雖然體內的溫度已超出了正常的體溫,但手腳仍是冰涼的,說明體內的寒仍重,仍需要喝生薑紅糖水,發熱時再加上1~2顆蔥一起煮,利於發汗。
如果體溫偏高,手腳已不再發涼了,這時要停喝生薑水,而大量地喝溫開水。
尤其在小孩生病發燒的時候,儘量不要小孩給吃退燒藥,也不要輸液,以避免日後免疫功能退化。
以下告訴各位爸媽退燒的一個偏方,即在小孩生病的時候,可以香菜去葉子留莖和根3-4根、白蘿蔔2-3片、生薑1-2片,加冰糖、加水煮15分鐘。待溫度適中給小孩喝,小孩喝下去會出汗退熱的,可以試試看,效果非常好!
其實,不論是孩子、成年人還是老人的感冒,此偏方都有效果。
一般發熱都在夜裡,很多人就不喜歡在夜裡喝水,怕尿多,影響睡眠,只要是發熱,不要管是白天還是夜晚,必須多喝水,這是快速降溫,快速排出病毒最有效的方法。當你全身發燙,幾大杯的溫水喝下去,再尿幾次後,能明顯地感到身體容易出汗,只要一出汗,體溫就能很快的降到正常。然後再注意休息,蓋好被子,防止受涼。
七、感冒後第二天的處理很關鍵。
一般經過第一天的緊急祛寒、發汗、多尿的方法處理後,第二天的身體基本就能恢復正常,但身體比較虛弱,所以第二天的處理很關鍵,關係到是否反彈的問題。
首先要看舌苔,如果舌質仍發白,這一天再喝一次生薑紅糖水鞏固一下,同時仍要多喝溫開水。
第二,飲食很關鍵,這一天的飲食以清淡為主,可以吃雞蛋、豬肉及各種性平的菜蔬,不能吃魚、蝦等上火的食物,也不能吃山藥等補虛的食物,吃這些食物後,特別是孩子,又會再發熱。
第三,這一天的休息也很重要,不要過於疲勞。
如果第二天身體感到明顯疲乏,虛弱,可以吃鱔魚,補虛而又不上火,這時的鱔魚只能燒紅燒鱔段或燒湯,不要加薑蔥,只放少量的蒜調味就可以了。
成人可以吃當歸粉,一天兩次,一次半勺或量稍稍比平時多一點,能很快恢復體力。
八、每天早起喝水,不止解渴還解乏
我們都知道起床後空腹飲水,可有效補水,又可促進血液迴圈,是有益身心的健康事。
另外,如果我們養成喝水的好習慣,充足的水分會保持身體電解質平衡,提高體內脫氫酶活性,肌肉內乳酸堆積少,從而不易產生疲勞。那為了讓我們從起床起就有清爽心情,讓我們喝一杯白開水吧。
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