退燒的食療
楊惟婷整理
一、發燒本身不是病
發燒本身不是病，而是一種症狀。發燒也並不全是壞事，它是啟動了自己的免疫系統，抵抗感染的一種免疫保護性反應。
通常感冒、拉肚子、扁桃體發炎、中耳炎…等疾病都有可能引起發燒。普通的發燒雖然會不舒服，但目前並沒有明確證據能證明發燒會造成傷害，更不會「燒壞腦子」，除非是少見的熱性驚厥持續狀態和中暑。
相反，體溫升高可以減少體內微生物的複製和繁殖，也可以提高人體的炎症反應，有利於致病微生物的清除，發燒對病情恢復是有利的。
但孩子發燒，很多父母仍擔心會燒壞腦子。2011年2月28日出刊的美國《小兒科醫學》期刊中，有一篇專門討論「兒童發燒」文章。
文中指出，一般而言，幼兒發燒，父母不必驚慌，也不必急著給孩子服退燒藥，所謂腦子會燒壞這個說法，並沒有證據。文章說，發燒本身並不會傷害孩子，反倒會傳遞訊息給身體其他部門，製造更多白血球，以避免感染。
一旦發燒，細菌或病毒就不易侵襲人體，孩子康復反而較快。因此多數人如果發燒持續時間短，發點燒對病人有好處，可以保護病人。
文章提醒，自行服藥反倒可能使醫生不易正確診療，可能延誤病情。也可能因此使藥物中毒的風險加大。
長庚兒童醫院感染科主任黃玉成說，一個人生病發燒是一種對身體的保護反應，許多研究顯示，適度發燒可增強抵抗力，提升免疫系統功能，所以家長無需急著退燒。
但如果是三個月以下的嬰兒，發燒到卅八度就應服藥；
三個月到六個月大，發燒到卅八．三度就應服藥。
六個月以上嬰兒，發燒在卅九．四度以下，父母都不必擔心，
但若出現拉肚子或嘔吐症狀，另當別論，應該看醫生。
否則，通常不必服用退燒藥。
台北醫學大學附設醫院小兒科部主任陳中明也說，其實退燒藥屬改善症狀，對引起發燒的發炎反應及感冒病毒沒有任何療效，治標不治本。
如果孩子因發燒而很不舒服，才考慮服藥。
退燒藥另一作用是讓孩子避免脫水。
他表示，除非是高燒至四十一度以上，或因病毒侵襲引發腦膜炎、腦炎的高燒，才有傷害腦部之虞，否則一般發燒不太可能會燒壞腦子。
且退燒藥「乙醯氨酚」具有肝毒性，使用過量恐怕會傷害肝臟功能，甚至肝中毒。
建議家長不防先讓孩子多喝水或泡卅度的溫水澡，即可協助降溫。
二、感冒時，請大量喝溫開水
據西醫說法，感冒的致病原因是病毒，而病毒至今沒有特效藥，所以你就不必去想著用吃藥解決，最好最有效的方法就是大量喝溫開水，一天喝上幾大杯的溫開水，多上幾次廁所，是排出病毒最有效的方法。
如咽喉腫痛明顯時可以在溫水中稍稍加一點鹽，喝這種淡淡的溫鹽水，能很快緩解咽喉的疼痛。
三、受涼了，儘快排出體內寒氣
受涼是感冒的誘因，只要有手腳冰涼的情況，肯定是受涼了，儘快排出寒氣是治癒感冒的關鍵。
食療中的蔥、薑、蒜是排寒最好的食物，有的人喜歡用幾片生薑加上一勺紅糖煮水喝去寒，有的人喜歡用幾顆蔥煮水喝發汗去寒。
當受涼又伴有咳嗽時，在生薑紅糖水中加入幾瓣大蒜一起煮，喝下能祛寒、止咳嗽。
總之，不論是用蔥薑蒜祛寒，還是吃上一頓熱辣辣的火鍋祛寒，都能很快增加身體內的熱量，讓毛孔開放，透過出汗排出寒氣。
還有一個方法就是用溫水泡腳出汗排寒，效果同樣不錯，受風寒嚴重時，可以一邊喝著生薑紅糖水，一邊泡腳，一定要用桶泡，更容易出汗。
也可以取清艾條1/4根，撒碎後放入桶中，用滾開的水沖泡化開後，再加入溫水泡腳，泡到全身冒汗，再多喝溫開水，寒氣同樣很快能排出。
四、需要有充足的睡眠及休息
只要是有感冒症狀了，一定要及時休息，這是減輕病情，讓身體儘快恢復的關鍵。
一般經過大量的喝水，喝幾次溫熱的蔥薑蒜水，再泡腳出汗祛寒後，儘早的休息，第二天身體基本就能復原了。
五、感冒後，渾身酸痛怎麼辦？
渾身酸痛說明體內寒濕重，一定要多喝幾次生薑紅糖水，生薑可以多放。一次放上6～8片都可以。
六、感冒後，發燒怎麼辦？
感冒後發熱了要看手腳的溫度。雖然體內的溫度已超出了正常的體溫，但手腳仍是冰涼的，說明體內的寒仍重，仍需要喝生薑紅糖水，發熱時再加上1～2顆蔥一起煮，利於發汗。
如果體溫偏高，手腳已不再發涼了，這時要停喝生薑水，而大量地喝溫開水。
尤其在小孩生病發燒的時候，儘量不要小孩給吃退燒藥，也不要輸液，以避免日後免疫功能退化。
以下告訴各位爸媽退燒的一個偏方，即在小孩生病的時候，可以香菜去葉子留莖和根3-4根、白蘿蔔2-3片、生薑1-2片，加冰糖、加水煮15分鐘。待溫度適中給小孩喝，小孩喝下去會出汗退熱的，可以試試看，效果非常好!
其實，不論是孩子、成年人還是老人的感冒，此偏方都有效果。
一般發熱都在夜裡，很多人就不喜歡在夜裡喝水，怕尿多，影響睡眠，只要是發熱，不要管是白天還是夜晚，必須多喝水，這是快速降溫，快速排出病毒最有效的方法。當你全身發燙，幾大杯的溫水喝下去，再尿幾次後，能明顯地感到身體容易出汗，只要一出汗，體溫就能很快的降到正常。然後再注意休息，蓋好被子，防止受涼。
七、感冒後第二天的處理很關鍵。
一般經過第一天的緊急祛寒、發汗、多尿的方法處理後，第二天的身體基本就能恢復正常，但身體比較虛弱，所以第二天的處理很關鍵，關係到是否反彈的問題。
首先要看舌苔，如果舌質仍發白，這一天再喝一次生薑紅糖水鞏固一下，同時仍要多喝溫開水。
第二，飲食很關鍵，這一天的飲食以清淡為主，可以吃雞蛋、豬肉及各種性平的菜蔬，不能吃魚、蝦等上火的食物，也不能吃山藥等補虛的食物，吃這些食物後，特別是孩子，又會再發熱。
第三，這一天的休息也很重要，不要過於疲勞。
如果第二天身體感到明顯疲乏，虛弱，可以吃鱔魚，補虛而又不上火，這時的鱔魚只能燒紅燒鱔段或燒湯，不要加薑蔥，只放少量的蒜調味就可以了。
成人可以吃當歸粉，一天兩次，一次半勺或量稍稍比平時多一點，能很快恢復體力。
八、每天早起喝水，不止解渴還解乏
我們都知道起床後空腹飲水，可有效補水，又可促進血液迴圈，是有益身心的健康事。
另外，如果我們養成喝水的好習慣，充足的水分會保持身體電解質平衡，提高體內脫氫酶活性，肌肉內乳酸堆積少，從而不易產生疲勞。那為了讓我們從起床起就有清爽心情，讓我們喝一杯白開水吧。
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