《小氣財神》

《小氣財神》

楊旭平

 

一、本書回顧

 

狄更斯寫的《聖誕頌歌》是很有名的短篇小說,原著已被拍成有名的電影叫〈小氣財神〉。

 

故事的概要是:

有一個叫做史魯基的老頭,他是一個六親不認的吝嗇鬼,他已老邁,但仍然貪婪、榨取、搜括,除了錢以外,他什麼都不信任。

他沒有妻兒,他所擁有的只是花不完的錢,但他愛錢如命,捨不得花一個銅板。他並沒有年節的觀念,就連所有的孩子們歡喜過的耶誕節,他也不當一回事,甚至他痛恨耶誕節的來臨。

 

史魯基老頭絕不同情貧困的人,他不肯施捨,他沉默寡言,他討厭別人去找他,他深怕別人要他捐款濟貧,他只知道工作再工作,賺了錢後,再放高利貸剝削他人。史魯基老頭古怪的個性,已近乎「變態」;連冒著風雪來「報佳音」,為他唱耶誕頌的人,他都把他們趕走。

在寒冷的風雪交加的夜晚,不分貧富,所有的人都在團圓,準備迎接耶誕節的時候,只有史魯基老頭例外,他不要過耶誕節,他不要人間的溫暖,他只要錢。

史魯基老頭苛刻到極點,就連平安夜也都不給店員休假,如不來上班就以扣工資來威脅。誠實的夥計為了養家,不得不向史魯基老頭低頭,他犧性了家裡一年一度的歡樂時光,帶著懊惱默默的替史魯基老頭工作。

 

史魯基老頭獨自住在古老的大宅第裡。平常不信鬼神的史魯基老頭,突然在寒冷的耶誕夜裡,陷入了自己的幻覺裡而不能自拔;他看到了已死了多年的老朋友,腰部纏繞著笨重的鍊條,是由沉重的房契、金錢、帳簿所串成的,老友的鬼魂告訴史魯基說:「你死了以後,會背負沉重的枷鎖。因為,你在人間時,對金錢的搜括嚴苛都超過了我。」鬼魂搖動著繫在他身上的鍊條,說那是他生前自己鑄造的鍊子;又說一個錯用了生命的人,永遠沒有懺悔的機會。

所以史魯基怕得要命,夜半還出了一身冷汗,老頭嚇了醒過來。 耶誕之靈使時光倒流,帶著史魯基老頭回到了童年,使他過去熟悉的事、過去熟悉的人一一重現。

 

史魯基老頭在夢幻裡,看到了自己幼小時候的影子,他看到了安靜的學校裡空無一人, 所有的同學都回家過耶誕節去了,只有幼小的自己,寂寞的留在教室裡,夢想著耶誕節的歡樂。

突然間,史魯基最熟悉的聲音傳來了,那是他姊姊的聲音,遙遠的童年,一年又一年的過去的耶誕節,像銀幕上的影像,一幕接一幕,出現在史魯基老頭的眼前。他越看越痛苦,過去的歲月裡太缺乏歡樂,因為所有敬愛的人一個個消失,他的希望一個個破滅,他漸漸看到了現在的自己,孤獨、冷酷、苛刻醜惡的老人,他不敢相信那就是今天的自己。

 

史魯基老頭還在思索:「我自己怎麼會變成了今天這個樣子?這究竟是命運的安排嗎? 我該怎麼辦?我一身是罪惡,我非下地獄不可了吧!」

 

然而,耶誕之靈卻不讓史魯基老頭去沉思,立刻把他帶到未來的世界去,看看充滿愛的溫暖,那是他平常對待很刻薄的店員的家裡,他家的廚房正冒著耶誕節時才有的各種糖餅的香味,屋子裡瀰漫了孩子們的歡笑聲。不多久,年輕的店員和他的美麗的妻子兒子團圓了,他們互祝耶誕快樂,最後,女主人還提議祝福史魯基老闆健康,耶誕快樂,女主人還向孩子們說:「史魯基老闆雖然古怪刻薄,但是畢竟給予了我們一家最低限度的溫飽,我們應該感念他。」

 

人間的愛,溫暖的家,使史魯基老頭的僵硬的心軟化了,他感到很慚愧,他痛哭流涕,他哭自己的卑鄙,哭自己怎麼變成一個沒有人性的醜惡老人?天漸漸亮了,史魯基老頭從夢幻裡回到了現實。

 

他醒悟了,完全變了另外一個老人似的;他決心補償過去的冷酷無情,他所雇用的店員家裡,突然收到了過去沒有的耶誕禮物,那是所有的孩子們所夢寐期求的一隻很大的烤火雞,它也是史魯基老頭送給孩子們的見面禮。

史魯基老頭的臉上從這一天起,掛上了慈祥的微笑。他給店員加了薪,並且笑著向他說:「耶誕快樂!」。

 

從此,史魯基老頭發覺整個世界都變了,他覺得每樣東西都能帶給他快樂,他走到大街,走到教堂,他參與所有快樂的人們的行列裡,他向所有的人祝賀耶誕快樂。

 

 

二、閱讀心得

 

由於狄更斯小時候家境貧困,父親在海軍軍需處當小職員,因無法還債而關進監牢。狄更斯被家境所迫,僅僅讀了三年書就輟學了。

為了生活,狄更斯幹過擦鞋童,洗瓶子雜工。吃的是粗食,穿的破爛,來往的是下層社會的販夫走卒。所以,也可以說:倫敦的下層社會,孕育了狄更斯的文學才華,倫敦成為狄更斯許多作品的「舞臺」。

 

由於狄更斯特殊的成長背景,在狄更斯的《聖誕頌歌》一書中除富有童話的意味外,他也加入濃濃的人情味,他把人性的兩面赤裸裸的寫出來。一方面他揭露了人生的黑暗、貪婪、 愚昧;另一方面他歌頌人性的光明、善良、友愛。

基本上,狄更斯的《聖誕頌歌》作品,最感人的地方也就是它充滿了人情味,也表現出人類的真愛,真實的描寫人性的光明純正,與陰暗醜惡;他筆下創造的人物有天真純潔的兒童,也有窮兇極惡的「壞人」。

在他的作品裡,美與醜,善與惡,真實與虛偽常同時展現,成為強烈的對比,如此,閱讀狄更斯的著作,可以讓我們對人性能有更深刻的了解,也更貼近真實的世界。

 

我們都是凡人,又活在現實的世界。不免懷疑,無情荒地真有情天?

我想,如果你還處在寅吃卯糧、入不敷出的情境,就不要想太多了,好好努力工作吧!

但假如有一天,你可以賺盡天下的財富,那麼你將有資格思考,如何享用你賺來的財富呢?

 

如果以比爾蓋玆、巴菲特、李嘉誠來說,他們就拿出很大財富比例來做公益!

或許,你會認為這樣做,那他們這一生是不是白忙了嗎?

或許,對他們來說,賺錢的過程是一種自我實現; 而回饋社會也是另一種形式的自我實現。而重要的是,在整個過程中,他們肯定了自己。

人生朝與暮,盍不留下典型在夙昔?

財畜對於個人,畢竟是身外之物。

20年前,掙錢是錢,見山是山,只是著相;

20年後,用錢是錢,見山是山,只是不再著相。

想通了,生命的意義就更加耐人尋味了!

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