攝護腺癌的預防

攝護腺癌的預防

楊惟婷

 

現在還沒有任何辦法能保證男性一定不會得到攝護腺疾病,但還是可以做些努力,降低罹患攝護腺疾病的風險,或至少減緩疾病的進程。

 

維護攝護腺及身體的健康,有二個最重要的步驟可以進行:

 

一、多吃抗癌食物

 

研究人員發現,某些特定的植物性食物,似乎特別有預防或控制攝護腺癌的效果。這些食物如下:

 

1、番茄:

番茄含有一種特殊的化學物質,叫茄紅素。茄紅素是一種很強的抗氧化劑,能保護身體細胞不受自由基(一種毒性分子,會損害細胞)的影響。

一項包括4萬8千人、長達5年的研究結果指出,一週吃10份番茄製食物的人罹患攝護腺癌的風險較低,約較一週吃2份以下的人低三分之一。

 

煮熟的番茄食物中,例如湯裡的番茄、義大利麵及披薩裡的醬汁等,要比新鮮的番茄或番茄汁等生的番茄製品,更具有顯著的抗癌效果。原因可能是,煮熟番茄裡的茄紅素比較容易被人體吸收。

 

其他的研究結果也都顯示,茄紅素還能有效降低罹患大腸癌、直腸癌、乳癌、肺癌及胃癌等癌症的機率。此外,對於預防心臟病發作可能也有功效。西瓜及粉紅肉的葡萄柚裡,也含有少量的茄紅素。

 

2、大豆製品:

大豆能刺激體內的結合蛋白質(球蛋白),並抑制性荷爾蒙睪固酮及雌激素。這些球蛋白與性荷爾蒙結合後,就會抑制荷爾蒙的作用。

又因為睪固酮會餵養攝護腺癌,研究人員推論,如果荷爾蒙的作用減低,癌症腫瘤復發及惡化的風險也會跟著降低。

 

在亞洲,大豆製品是一項主要的食物,而亞洲人罹患某些癌症(如攝護腺癌及乳癌)的比率,也比其他地區的人低。

 

3、綠茶:

綠茶含有一種化學物質「兒茶素」,這種物質在蔬菜及紅酒裡也可發現。兒茶素跟其他的抗癌化學物質一樣,能明顯抑制癌生長所需酵素的活動力。梅約醫學中心的研究人員發現,低濃度的兒茶素(大約是3杯綠茶的含量)就足以抑制癌細胞的生長。

 

4、十字花科蔬菜:

十字花科蔬菜,屬於甘藍菜及芥菜家族,包括小白菜、青花椰菜、芽甘藍、包心菜、花椰菜、萵苣…等。這些蔬菜含有某種化學物質,能阻斷致癌物質的作用。

 

5、大蒜:

大蒜所含的硫化合物能強化免疫功能,幫助對抗疾病。硫可能還能減緩癌細胞的擴散,並幫助排除致癌物質的酵素增生。

烹調肉類食物時可加上新鮮的大蒜增加風味,或將大蒜加在以蔬菜為底的調味醬汁,增加飲食中的大蒜攝取量。

 

二、少吃脂肪

 

有好幾項研究指出,高脂肪飲食和攝護腺癌有著密不可分的關係。

其中一項由哈佛大學研究人員進行的研究,比較了大約5萬名男性的飲食後發現,飲食當中含有最多脂肪的男性,罹患攝護腺癌的機率比最少脂肪者大了幾乎80%;攝取的肉類食物大多為紅肉的男性,比飲食還包括魚及雞鴨肉的男性,罹患攝護腺癌的機率也大許多。

 

另一項理論則認為,飲食中的脂肪可能刺激不正常的細胞分裂,促使癌症腫瘤惡化。此外,有些脂肪容易被自由基氧化,造成細胞損傷。

原則上,脂肪攝取是愈少愈好,熱量也是愈低愈好。

 

參考資料來源﹕《MayoCliniconProstateHealth─攝護腺》

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