頭髮健康問題
楊惟婷
頭髮健康不僅影響個人的外表美觀，也反映著整個身體系統的健康狀態。
一、頭髮生理結構
頭髮基本生理結構如下﹕
頭髮分為露在外面的髮幹，以及長在頭皮裡的毛囊部分。
髮幹由蛋白質構成，不具有生命，毛囊則由細胞組成，為有生命的部分。
頭皮的毛囊依據生長的狀態可分為生長期、過渡期、休止期。
正常情況下約有90 %的毛囊處於生長期，10 %處於休止期。
頭髮生長的速率約為每個月一公分，隨著年紀而減緩。
生長期的時間約為二至六年，之後經過二至三星期的過渡期後進入休止期，再經過二至三個月後掉落，而被新生的頭髮取代。
每根毛囊一直在進行週期性的生長與休息，在生長與休息之間便產生了正常的生理性掉髮。
二、頭髮最常見的健康問題
一般頭髮健康最常見的問題如下：
˙我為什麼會掉髮？我有沒有禿髮問題？
˙禿髮會不會遺傳？家裡沒有其他人掉髮為什麼只有我？
˙頭皮出油量多阻塞毛孔怎麼辦？
˙熬夜壓力和掉髮有沒有關係？
˙電腦看太久、用腦過度會不會掉頭髮？
˙該怎麼清潔頭髮？常洗頭會不會掉更多？
˙抽菸會不會影響掉髮？
˙白頭髮該不該拔？是否用腦過度？
˙如何讓頭髮健康？
三、頭皮的清潔
想擁有一頭絲絲入扣的秀髮，想避開日常掉髮危機，就必需要有健康的頭皮。因為落髮、頭皮屑、頭髮油膩，這些惱人的頭髮問題，都跟頭皮健康與否息息相關。要保持頭皮健康，就要從頭皮清潔與保養做起，而選擇適合自己的洗髮精或髮皂，也成為重要的一門學問。
其實要避免最後掉髮的命運，平時可以透過正確洗髮方式與使用適合的洗髮精，就可以防患於未然。
如果發現出現頭皮發癢、不舒服、頭皮屑多的情況，最好每天洗一次頭，尤其頭髮屬於油性的人。
正確洗髮方式是，先塗抹髮皂或洗髮精在手上，先用手搓出泡沫，再往頭髮上塗抹。
那麼，又如何挑選適合的洗髮精及護髮產品？
洗髮精主要功能在於清潔頭皮，除此以外，其中所含的殺菌成份，也必需有抑菌效果，而舒適感也是考量之一。
但為避免清潔過度傷害髮質，選擇髮皂或洗髮精時，要考量頭皮屑、出油量，並且要看成份是否適合自己，要特別注意，若髮皂或洗髮精濃度過高，會導致過度刺激頭皮，反而容易有反效果。
無論選擇的是髮皂或洗髮精，最好講求天然成份，這樣比較不會有一些負作用，像是會引起頭皮過敏或乾澀等。
四、頭皮的保養
每當季節變換時候（溫差大），或是工作壓力變大、生活作息混亂，以及飲食酸辣量增多…等情況，往往會發現頭皮油脂不斷冒出來，接著是頭皮屑一堆，如果未善加處理，有可能導致掉髮。
事實上，現代人飲食習慣不佳，高油、高糖的食物攝取過多，蔬果又吃太少，加上染髮、燙髮習慣，以及工作壓力大、熬夜，更容易讓頭皮在不知不覺情況下受傷，而致掉髮危險產生。
所以，要預防頭皮發炎或出現掉髮現象，必需調整以下習慣﹕
1、維持作息正常，不要熬夜。
2、攝取好的蛋白質，多吃蔬菜水果、維他命C，最好三餐能吃一點清淡的魚肉，並避免吃進太多豬腳後腿肉較高油脂的食物，例如水餃、鍋貼、燒賣、乾麵等，還有甜食也應該少吃，這些都是有效的頭皮營養照護。
4、戒掉吸菸習慣。
5、避免過度的染燙，造成頭髮斷裂。
6、目前醫學上除了Minoxidil之外，還沒有其他公認有效的外用生髮成分，所以不必過度相信所謂的健髮產品。
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