白頭髮怎麼辦?
楊惟婷
不管是少年白,還是老年白,當自己看到第一根白髮,或不斷滋長的白髮時,心情總是複雜的。
一、白頭髮的成因
從醫學的觀點來看,白頭髮或灰頭髮是黑色素細胞功能逐漸退化的結果。
事實上,人在出生的時候,基因就決定了一個人的黑色素細胞功能何時會減退,當然,也決定了減退的速度。
這也是為什麼有些人從十幾歲就開始有白頭髮,而有些人到了五、六十歲依然烏黑亮麗。遺傳,的確是最主要的原因。
二、「拔一根、長三根?」
拔頭髮一定是最本能的反應。
但是,就有旁人勸說:「別拔了,拔一根長三根呢。」這是真的嗎?
就醫學觀點,拔頭髮拔多了,會傷害毛囊,破壞周圍的組織,讓頭髮長不出來。所以,看來拔白頭髮並不是最好的選擇。
那麼,對付白頭髮,除了拔掉,還能怎麼辦?
三、均衡的飲食
假設,身體製造黑色素的地方就像是一個工廠,早在設廠時就已經決定了工廠的使用年限,到目前為止,人類無法延緩關廠的時間。
我們唯一能做的是,在工廠正常運作時,提供足夠且適量的原料,讓它能製造產品,避免產量下降或罷工的情形。
所以,「均衡的飲食」是提供原料最好的方法,頭髮主要是由角質蛋白所構成,因此,蛋白質和胺基酸的攝取十分重要,但是做為輔助功用的維他命及微量元素也不可缺(如維他命B群、維他命E和銅離子等)。
四、輕鬆過日子
除了基因這個先天、無法改變的因素,壓力或重大的情緒轉變,有時候也會讓頭髮發白。
誠如「伍子胥過昭關,一夜白了頭」是人人所熟知的故事。
這種例子在歷史上不止一個,法國大革命時,君主和貴族一一被處決絞死,最後一位君王路易十六的皇后安朵奈特,在臨上斷頭台前,美麗動人的長髮,也是在一夕之間由黑轉白。
另外,人在用腦過度或情緒變化之下,也有可能影響頭皮的血流狀況,毛囊若無法獲得適當的營養,會影響黑色素細胞和角質細胞的正常運作。
因此,除了提供足夠的營養給製造黑色素的工廠之外,減少外在干擾,讓工廠保持正常運作,也是另一個必要的條件。
五、保養「肝腎」
從中醫的觀點來看,頭髮長得茂密烏黑和「肝腎」有關。
腎掌管人的發育、生長與老化,中醫認為,「髮者,乃血之餘」。因此,人若是處於過勞或焦慮痛苦的狀態,自然會影響肝血和精腎的功能,讓頭髮變白。
因此,長庚醫院中醫師林建雄建議,在基因還沒有老化之前,有個規律的生活,放鬆的心情,讓肝腎正常運作,自然會有漂亮的好頭髮。
而針對補肝固腎的食物如黑芝麻和何首烏,當然就成為對頭髮有用的營養食品。
六、染髮
白頭髮不一定代表老化,只說明了自己毛囊中的黑色素可能減少得比較快。整頭黑髮也不一定就是年輕人,因為有可能已經染過髮。
重要的是自己怎麼看待這件事,若是能歡喜接受,就讓這漸漸發白的頭髮成為身體的一部份。若是有工作、心理或美觀上的需要,就選擇染髮來修飾自己,而不是猛拔頭髮,怨嘆過日子。
有些人,為了維護自己的容顏美觀和維持自己專業形象,開始染髮。
現在的染髮技術進步,染料也比以前好,也可以給自己一點顏色瞧瞧。
然而,染髮也有注意事項。首先,要選擇合格的染髮劑,並做貼膚試驗,看看是否對染料過敏。
再者,要注意染髮的程序,燙髮兩個星期之後才能染髮,而且在燙髮和染髮之後都要護髮。
最後,不要在同一個地方重覆染髮,只要在新長出來的地方補色即可。
頭髮一個月長1公分,所以3∼4個月染一次頭髮是最合適的,既不會過度刺激髮質,也能達成美化的目的。
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