留財不如留德
惟雯說故事
人的命運和財運，究竟有何規律可遵循？
如果要看清一個人的命運和財運，不能只看他這一代人，應該結合他的上一代和下一代一起去看，三代才是一個完整的周期。
以胡雪巖、盛宣懷、左宗棠、李鴻章、曾國藩、林則徐、梁啓超等人為例，為同一個時期的風雲人物，仔細研究他們和他們後代的命運，會有很大領悟。
當您讀懂這些傳奇人物和他們的後代的命運，必能參透了財運和命運的規律。
1、我們先來看一段歷史，這段故事非常非常有意思，值得我們反覆品讀：
清末中國有兩個大富豪：一個是胡雪巖，另外一個是盛宣懷。
兩人分別都有自己的政治靠山，胡雪巖依靠左宗棠，盛宣懷依靠李鴻章，其實很多商人都是當官的白手套。
而李鴻章和左宗棠又政見不和，因此李鴻章和左宗棠一直在暗自較量，李鴻章明白扳倒左宗棠的最好辦法，就是搞掉他的白手套胡雪巖。
這時李鴻章的白手套盛宣懷就派上大用場了，他開始悄悄布局，真是商場如戰場，當時胡雪巖高價收購生絲數百萬擔，就在胡雪巖全部身家都變成貨物之際，盛宣懷迅速借用李鴻章的權力全力阻截胡雪巖的現金流，來一招釜底抽薪，並且放出可消息，說胡雪巖要出問題了……
這時市面上都傳胡雪巖積囤生絲大賠血本，挪用阜康錢莊存款，導致各地皆發生擠兌風潮，致使胡雪巖的錢莊相繼破產，於是胡雪巖的商業帝國轟然倒塌。
於是盛宣懷和李鴻章贏了，左宗棠和胡雪巖相繼死去。胡雪巖死後，盛宣懷的商業帝國如日中天，總攬著當時中國的電報、輪船、鐵路、礦業等各種事業。
2、然而，這兩大富豪的傳奇故事還沒結束。
1916年盛宣懷去世，留給子女的資產至少幾千萬兩白銀（當時一個普通老百姓一年的生活費是十幾兩），盛宣懷去世之後，盛恩頤順利繼承了父親的大部分家產，成為家族公司的總經理。
盛恩頤確實太有錢了，有錢到不知人生為何物，他就白天睡覺，晚上賭場，人稱民國第一花花公子。
他有多能賭呢？曾經一個晚上把上海一百棟樓輸給了盧小嘉，這一百棟樓如果放在今天價值至少幾百億。
另外這個盧小嘉是誰呢？也大有來頭，他是皖系軍閥盧永祥的兒子。曾與孫中山之子孫科，張作霖之子張學良，段祺瑞之子段宏業，一起被人稱作民國「四大公子」。
盧小嘉當時有多牛？說一件事大家知道了，他曾綁架、囚禁上海灘第一流氓大亨～黃金榮，還當場啪啪甩了他兩個耳光。
話再說回到盛恩頤這裡，他很快就把盛宣懷攢下的龐大家產給敗光了，晚年時候盛恩頤窮困潦倒，淪落為一個乞丐，最後一個人死在家裡的門房裡。
3、再來看看李鴻章後代的命運吧。
李鴻章留給子孫的財產數量也是相當驚人，容閎在《容閎回憶錄》中估算了李鴻章的遺產，稱李鴻章「有私產四千萬兩以遺子孫」。而且還有田產、房產和當鋪遍及合肥、蕪湖、上海、南京、揚州等地。
李鴻章的孫子李子嘉，與哥哥李厚甫平分了父親的家產，但是這個李子嘉也是個花花公子，他平日除了吸鴉片就是逛妓院，甚至還在妓院沾染了梅毒。
後來他把全部精力放在了賭博上，他出手非常闊綽，賭錢基本不賭現金，而是直接賭田契、房契。
很快，他也把自己繼承的家業輸光了，也到了吃不上飯的地步，流浪街頭，舉目無親。接下來電視劇都不敢這麼寫的情節發生了，李子嘉居然去投靠了左宗棠的孫子左巨生。
我們再文章開始已經描述了，他倆的爺爺可是政治對手啊，也可能是兩人的命運太相似，讓他們成了紅塵知己。
從此以後，兩人便在左巨生家的破屋裡相濡以沫。最後，過慣了享樂日子的李子嘉終於扛不住了，撲通一聲跳進了池塘裡。
李子嘉死後，左巨生因無錢安葬，便通知其哥哥李厚甫前來收屍。此時的李厚甫也已經窮困潦倒，他和誰糾纏到一起去了呢？盛宣懷的那個敗家子盛恩頤。
人生的命運和財運真是曲折離奇啊。
4、在李鴻章、盛宣懷等給子孫留下巨大財產的同時，卻有一個沒有給子孫留下任何財產的人，這個人叫曾國藩。
早在曾國藩初為大官時便對家人表示：「絕不留銀錢與後人。」後來身為湘軍統帥，他再次申明他的態度：「仕宦之家，不蓄積銀錢，使子弟自覺一無可恃。」
給孩子留了一大筆錢，其實就剝奪了他們人生進取的意義，甚至讓他們無所事事，只有讓孩子們獨立自主的成長，他們才能找到自己人生的價值。
曾國藩終生倡導寒素、勤勉、篤學的家風，這些家風使得其後人在200多年後出了240多位傑出人物，他的後人在各個領域全部都有貢獻。
差不多同時期的梁啓超也是如此，他的教育理念是：不受無汗水之金錢。同時主張一個人要用其所長，要做自己感興趣的事，天下事業無所謂大小，士大夫救濟天下和農夫耕種其十畝田所取得的成就相同。
5、梁啓超9個子女，堪稱一門三院士，九子皆才俊，是中國最旺的名門之一。
後來，曾國藩的的外孫聶雲台這樣寫道：
「發財不難，保財最難。我住在上海五十餘年，看見發財的人很多，發財以後，有不到五年、十年就敗的，有二、三十年即敗的，也有四、五十年敗完了的。
我記得與先父往來的多數有錢人，有的做官，有的從商，都是煊赫一時的，現在已經多數凋零，家事沒落了。有的是因為子孫嫖賭不務正業揮霍一空；有的是連子孫都無影無蹤了。大約算來，四、五十年前的有錢人，現在家產沒有全敗的，子孫能讀書、務正業、上進的，百中難得一、兩家了。」
6、他還這樣總結：虎門硝煙的林則徐，當時也很有權勢，他如果想發財是很容易的事情，但他就是堅持造福百姓，他認為鴉片貽害人民非常嚴重，所以燒毀了鴉片兩萬箱。
因為剛正不阿，林則徐死了以後，也是毫無積蓄，但是他的子孫數代都是書香不斷，曾孫輩中尚有進士、舉人，至今日仍然存在顯達者。多年前最高法院院長林翔，也是其一，而且道德亦非常的崇高。
聶雲台還舉了和林則徐身邊人的例子，當時廣東的伍氏及潘氏、孔氏都是發鴉片橫財的人，當時凡是海內有名的古字畫碑帖，多數都蓋有伍氏、潘氏、孔氏的圖章，可見這三家的富貴。
但是幾十年後，這些珍貴的物品，又已經流到別家了。他們的楠木房屋，早已被拆了，最關鍵的是：他們的後人，一個發達的也沒有。和林則徐的後代相比，真是天壤之別！
再來看看林則徐醍醐灌頂的教誨：「子孫若如我，留錢做什麼？賢而多財，則損其志；子孫不如我，留錢做什麼？愚而多財，益增其過！」
中國有句老話叫「富不過三代」。說的就是這個道理，財富傳承最多只能傳到第三代，而真正的書香門第，富是可以一代又一代的傳承下去的！
左宗棠曾說過，世上最大的悲劇是後人「蠢而多財」。不知他說這句話的時候，有沒想過自己的後代也會成為這句話的反面教材。
其實，人類社會有個平衡法則—-人在一個地方得到，老天必會在另外一個地方讓你失去，以實現總體平衡。這種因果，有時是當代出現，有時會隔代循環。
縱觀民國風雲史，這些名人用了幾代人的經歷向我們證明了一個道理：「積財給子孫是留禍，積德給子孫才是留福」。反之，積善之家必有後福，真是留財不如留德啊！
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