熱感冒
楊惟婷整理
夏日天氣炎炎悶熱，許多人容易頭痛、頭暈、沒食欲，在中醫眼中就屬於「熱感冒」。
台北新店慈濟醫院中醫科吳佩青醫師提醒，室內外溫差大，許多民眾常常耐不住熱，藉著洗冷水澡、喝冰涼飲料或吹冷氣來消暑，沒想到反而熱感冒上身。
因為大熱天喝冰水、吃冰西瓜等冰品，當下很痛快，但也有不少人會在吃完後有頭痛的情況，那是因為體內為了使吃過冰品的身體調整到原本的體溫水準，所以會在體內產熱，減少熱能散失到體外的速度。而熱感冒原本就是因體內的熱能蓄積無法做很好的代謝與調整，才會有的症狀，所以真的覺得很熱時不要吃冰的，否則症狀會愈來愈嚴重。
一、熱感冒的症狀
熱感冒是一種溫熱病，之所有會有全身性症狀出現是因為「暑」傷風、傷氣又傷脾胃，所以才會胃口不好、精神不振、頭痛且全身痠痛。
黃中瑀醫師解釋，熱感冒比較像是輕微中暑，所以症狀會和天熱中暑較相像，以下為熱感冒的常見症狀。
基本上，「熱感冒」分為﹕
1、「暑熱感冒」，以發熱為主，還伴隨有咽喉疼痛、口渴、心煩、倦怠感、頭昏或頭痛、小便量少、顏色較黃等症狀；
2、「暑濕感冒」，症狀和暑熱感冒類似，但有時還會出現胸悶想吐，或腹瀉的症狀。
會有熱感冒症狀的人，大多體溫調節能力較差，其中又以老人、小孩、慢性病患，服用安眠藥、抗過敏藥、精神用藥者，因人體溫度調節功能較差，更要小心。
黃中瑀醫師門診經驗觀察到上班族、常進出冷氣房的人也很常出現症狀，例如媽媽從外面買菜回家，一進門就開冷氣休息，導致毛孔收縮、體溫調節不良，幾個小時之後就開始有頭痛、頭暈、不舒服的情況出現。
二、熱感冒的居家保健
要預防熱感冒，室內保暖工作一定要做好。平常多補充水分，可幫助循環代謝好，預防症狀出現，一旦有症狀時，就不要吃冰品、少吹冷氣。
醫師建議，熱感冒居家保健在衣著上最好選擇棉、麻等天然材質，並以淺色系為主，愈是大熱天，愈要備好一件外套，進出冷氣房時，最好要加件薄外套，
當身處炎熱的戶外時，也不要把外套脫掉，不僅可預防水分蒸發，也可避免陽光直接曝曬肌膚，同時最好採用「慢慢穿、慢慢脫」的方式，讓人體逐步適應溫度。
萬芳醫院傳統醫學科主任黃中瑀表示，因為現在幾乎每家每戶都有冷氣，一有熱感冒症狀就吹冷氣、喝冰水、刮痧，反而會使頭痛、頭暈情況更明顯，建議平常要多喝水，並以溫涼、不燙口的溫度為佳，有助體內循環代謝，盡快將蓄積熱能散出，也可多按摩穴道，緩解不適症狀。
三、緩解熱感冒的六款茶飲
1、薄荷消暑茶：
（1）材料：新鮮薄荷3-5葉，綠茶茶包一包，冰糖少許
（2）做法：使用150cc的熱開水，放入綠茶至茶色展開，再放入薄荷葉燜3分鐘，待有薄荷香味，濾出茶液，加入適量冰糖調味，放涼飲用。
（3）注意事項：薄荷及綠茶皆能疏散風熱。腸胃不佳者，或是對薄荷過敏者不適合飲用。有失眠問題者不適合夜晚飲用。
2、菊花茅根飲：
（1）材料：白茅根12克，菊花12克，薄荷3克
（2）做法：將白茅根、菊花加水煎煮，滾後加入薄荷燜3分鐘，去渣放涼飲用。
（3）適合咽喉微痛、頭痛、眼睛不舒服的症狀。
3、蓮藕茶、綠豆湯和仙草茶：
黃中瑀醫師表示，緩解熱感冒症狀最有效的方法是飲用蓮藕茶、綠豆湯和仙草茶，不舒服時可當茶水喝，但不能喝冰的，最好是溫涼適口的溫度。尤其蓮藕茶因具收斂作用，有輕微腹瀉者可多喝。
四、按摩穴位可緩解熱感冒
若覺得頭昏、頭重、沒胃口時，可用穴位經絡按摩的方式幫助緩解，每個部位約按摩5分鐘。若症狀愈來愈嚴重，建議還是要盡快就醫。
1、肩部
從風池穴沿後頸到肩膀，以手指按壓，可兩邊一起做。
2、手掌
按壓手掌上的勞宮穴、魚際，可使胃口較好。
勞宮穴在手掌正中央；魚際是大拇指下的那塊小肌肉。
3、頭部
按壓頭部側邊的太陽穴、率谷穴，可緩解頭痛。
太陽穴位於眉尾後凹陷處；率谷穴位於耳尖上方約1指處。
五、刮痧可緩解熱感冒
傳統的解暑方式是刮痧，有助體內熱氣散出，吳佩青中醫師強調，刮痧也可緩解熱感冒不舒服的症狀，可順著脊椎兩旁往下刮及從風池穴往下刮至肩膀部位。
但要提醒民眾，刮痧時，不一定要刮出痧，且要痧痕完全消失後，才可以進行第2次刮痧。
刮痧完畢後，要用乾淨毛巾將刮拭部之潤滑劑擦拭乾淨；讓患者喝1杯溫開水，休息一會；刮痧後1小時內避免吹風受寒，不可碰冷水。
黃中瑀醫師特別提醒，刮痧確實有散熱作用，但現在人多長時間處於冷氣房內，若正在刮痧時或剛刮完痧還是回到冷氣房裡，反而容易受寒而使頭痛、全身痠痛的情況更明顯。
而刮完痧全身會感覺比較輕鬆，是因為刮痧有助肌肉放鬆，但刮完後不要馬上進入冷氣房，要待在一般室溫通風處，如屋簷下或走廊約1、2個小時，不然就是要搭配清熱解暑藥物使用，才能真正緩解痠痛、頭痛症狀。
中醫刮痧示意圖。（圖片提供／台北新店慈濟醫院）
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