吠了一百年的老狗

吠了一百年的老狗

惟雯說故事

 

這是一篇非常感人的文章,「吠了一百年的老狗」,它為中華之奮起呐喊!

 

假想一下,人生11歲時,應該是什麼樣子?
可能是捧著iPad看劇,也可能跟著父母出了幾趟遠門。

 

但167年前的晚清,11歲的江蘇丹陽少年馬相伯,一身意氣地走進風中,他想見識這個廣闊的世界,獨自向兩百多公里外的城市上海出發了。

他一頭鑽進上海徐匯一所教會學校,苦學法語、拉丁語、希臘語等七國語言,同時攻讀哲學、神學、數理和天文等學科。

他是中國那個時代第一個能夠熟練運用7國語言的人才。

 

到了1870年,當年那個獨自出門的少年,已被授予神學博士。
那年,他整30歲,已入而立之年,一肚子的學問,卻無處施展。

 

馬相伯本想獻身教會,可外國人氣勢凜人,經常欺負中國人,在無比失落和悲憫之中,36歲的馬相伯一怒之下,決定出走。

 

既然不能在教會施展學問,實現抱負,那就索性從政。

1876年,馬相伯敲開了直隸總督李鴻章的大門。

憑藉熟練7國語言,馬相伯追隨李鴻章,擔任助手和翻譯。

可是晚清大廈將傾,馬相伯縱有百般學問又能如何呢,能做的也不過是跟著李鴻章簽訂一個個“喪權辱國”的協約。

 

在談判桌上,馬相伯用盡全力,代表國家唇槍舌劍,來回斡旋。

可是回國之後,等待他的是鋪天蓋地的“賣國賊”討伐聲,所到之處,全部冷眼。就連自己的母親,也不能理解兒子,甚至和外人常說:“我不曾生過馬相伯這樣的兒子。”
在臨終之前,馬相伯想陪在母親病榻旁,多盡孝道,可母親拒絕見他。
直到去世,也不肯和兒子說一句話,而母親葬禮上,馬相伯大哭不止。

 

他有一肚子委屈,這一生,他全部的努力和抱負沒有得到—–那一年是1900年,馬相伯60歲。
母親去世之後,他極度悲憤與失望,人生也已入晚年,這一生終歸一事無成,揮盡無窮血淚,轉眼不過空夢。

 

馬相伯從此掛冠而去,終生遠離政治。
他感到自己的人生距離死亡不遠了,與其一事無成,不如此生落下白茫茫一片真乾淨,塵歸於塵,土歸於土,赤裸裸地來,赤裸裸地去。

 

馬相伯從家中拿出地契,將三千畝田產全部捐出。
並立下字據,“自獻之後,永無反悔”。
捐完之後,他身無分文,轉身走進上海土山灣孤兒院。
剩下的日子,就安靜地等待自己人生的夜幕降臨。

 

回首這一生,
他有少年求學時的意氣,
有治國無門時的失望,
有母親死不閉眼的痛楚,
也有白茫茫一片的灑脫。

 

馬相伯原以為,這就是自己的人生。
殊不知,他悲愴的人生這才剛剛開始。

 

1901年秋天,33歲的蔡元培到上海擔任南洋公學總教習,他來找馬相伯學習拉丁語,馬相伯並沒拒絕,可蔡元培一來,來學習的學生卻越來越多。

來的學生越多,馬相伯的生命重新被點燃。
“何不辦一所學校,讓中國的孩子們有書讀?”

在耶穌會的支持下,馬相伯辦了震旦學院。

 

大學問家梁啟超聽說馬相伯出山辦學,激動之情溢於言表,他在賀文寫道: “今乃始見我祖國得一完備有條理之私立學校,吾欲狂喜。”
不經意間,馬相伯辦了中國第一所私立學校。

 

雖是如此,可馬相伯老人並無雜念,只要有才華、愛學習的學生,都收入門下,盡心盡力教育知識。

1904年,于右任還是一個文學小青年,中了秀才,在家寫嘲諷清政府的“反詩”《半哭半笑樓詩草》。被一路通緝,只好避難上海。
于右任走投無路時,他來找馬相伯老人,老人愛才,一見于右任,對他說:“今天你就可以入學震旦,我免收你的學費、膳費和宿費。”
只這一句,于右任就熱淚盈眶。
他從未想過,自己一個朝廷通緝犯,馬校長也敢收!
在震旦大學期間,于右任化名“劉學裕”讀書。
幾個月後,馬相伯又把于右任叫到辦公室,鄭重地對他說:“我知道你過去教過幾年書,現在你的學識足以做我的教學助手。從明天開始,你就是震旦的教師了!”

 

可是震旦學院成立兩年後,投資方耶穌會只想教育傳教士,而馬相伯卻希望教育出能對國家有用之人。
兩方俱不相讓,耶穌會一怒之下,解散學院。
對馬相伯老人更是百般驅逐,甚至找人將老人架到醫院,讓他 “無病而入病院”。

 

老人被架走後,學生們就再也無書可讀了。
學生們紛紛表態:“我們誓死和馬校長站在一起,可以無震旦,不可無校長……” 于右任帶著同學們找到馬相伯,在醫院,大家一見到老人,就齊齊全部跪下了:校長,我們沒書可讀了。”

 

聽到這句話,老人哭了,偌大的中國竟然擺不下一張小小的課桌。

為了讓孩子們有書可讀,上海街頭,常常能看到一個65歲的老人,一個人拄著拐杖,顫顫巍巍地東奔西走,到處遊說籌集款項。

“國家再窮,可學生們總該有書讀啊!”1905年中秋節,老人終於得到了社會的支持,在吳淞廢棄的提督衙門,破破爛爛的屋舍裏,一個老人,一百多個學生,沒有桌子、沒有椅子,只有一塊黑板,這就是現在名校復旦大學的前身復旦公學。

 

開學那天,300多名學生從各地趕來,甚至有學生坐火車從蘇州趕來,又走了一夜的路才來到學校。

馬相伯擔任復旦公學第一任校長,就是這樣簡陋的教學環境,卻培養出了:
中國著名的氣象學家竺可楨、民國藝術大師李叔同、國學大師陳寅恪、著名數學家胡敦複、中國第一任輕工業部部長黃炎培政治家、教育家邵力子……等。

 

而今日復旦大學,優秀畢業生更是數不勝數,他們在各個領域都有傑出貢獻。
但今日中國,知“馬相伯”有幾人?
就算是今日復旦大學的學生,又有幾人知道100多年前,一個65歲的老人,曾排除萬難,憑一己之力創辦學校。

 

從那時開始,只要說到讓孩子讀書,馬相伯老人就辦學“上癮”。

像割肉飼虎的佛陀,可以拖著年邁的身體粉身碎骨。

 

一生中,馬相伯用一己之力辦了復旦大學、輔仁大學、震旦女子文理學院,培根女校,啟明女子中學。

 

1917年,當蔡元培第一次出任北大校長時,在中國掀起教育改革時,首先邀請恩師馬相伯老人北上,老人對蔡元培說:“所謂大學者,非校舍之大之謂,非學生年齡之大之謂,亦非教員薪水之大之謂,系道德高尚、學問淵深之謂也。”

馬相伯老人所言,便是現代教育的全部意義,他在中國第一個提出教育的普世價值,提出現代教育的平等、奮發和進取,思想和自由。

 

誰也未曾想到,這個現代教育的踐行者竟然是一位在60歲時,曾一度決定放棄人生追尋的失落老人。
在治國無門的失望中,在母親死不閉眼的痛楚中,用佛陀般才有的獻身精神,重新出發,並影響蔡元培、陶行知、梅貽琦等大教育家。

 

1937年,上海淪陷,馬相伯老人97歲,人到了97歲,按道理應該不再出門,因為生命隨時都會中止,甚至會暴死街頭,最後能不能留個全屍都不知道。

可上海已經淪陷,中華大地全在戰火之中。不當亡國奴,就只能一路逃難。

 

97歲的馬相伯老人,被家人帶著,像個老狗一樣,氣喘吁吁地四處逃亡。

從上海跑到武漢,從武漢跑到重慶,重慶常年遭到空襲,又跑到相對安全的雲南,當雲南也被空襲時。

家人又帶著這條老狗,竟然一路跑到了越南諒山。

 

1939年4月的一天,老人病了,他躺在病床上,虛弱不堪地問家人:“我們到哪里了?這裏是中國嗎?”家人知道老人不想客死他鄉,要死也想死在中國的版圖上,可戰亂的中國,哪里還有一塊可以埋葬全屍的地方呢?

家人只能騙他: “現在我們已到達滇黔交界處了,回來了。”

聽到這句話,馬相伯長歎口氣。

這一年,馬相伯老人99歲,按中國人的傳統,99歲已是罕見的高齡。這一年,雖是戰亂年代,復旦的老師和十幾位學生依然前來為他過百歲大壽。

 

老人示意將祝壽金拿出,全部捐給前線抗戰傷兵和難民。

《國際新聞》主編胡愈之去採訪他,面對烽煙四起,國破山河的中國,老人不由得想起自己的一生,生活了整整一百年,也見證了這個國家民不聊生的一百年。

 

辦教育如同學狗叫,目的都在警醒世人,他內心百感交集,突然泣不成聲:“我是一條狗啊,叫了一百年,也沒有把中國叫醒的一天……”

 

馬相伯叫來孫女馬玉章。
一看到孫女的臉,老人就哽咽了,他問馬玉章:“爺爺沒有給你留下一分錢,連你自己的錢也沒有留給你……”說完這句,老人泣不成聲。

停了一會兒後,馬相伯又開口:“你……你恨爺爺不恨?”

 

早在1914年,馬玉章只有6個月大時,馬相伯的兒子馬君遠病逝。

于右任、邵力子等學生籌錢找到馬相伯:“先生,玉章還小,這一萬塊錢,用來資助她日後的生活費和教育費吧。”

拿到這筆錢,馬相伯轉身就去創辦了啟明女子中學,沒有給孫女留下一分錢。

 

對孫女的這份愧疚,馬相伯一生深埋在心,這麼多年來,他一直不敢說出口。

11月4日晚,病床上的老人連日水米不進,在聽到家人說到湘北大捷時,突然掙扎著坐起來,連呼幾聲“消息!消息!”後,沉沉倒下,合上雙眼。

 

臨終之前,他甚至都不知道自己並未死在祖國,而是客死異國他鄉。

馬相伯活了一百歲,親歷晚清、民國、抗日三個時期,浮沉百年離亂,見證了無數個當政者的中國,道光、咸豐、同治、光緒、宣統,孫中山、袁世凱、蔣介石。每走一步,人生都是負重而行。

 

歷史在他身上鞭打出深深的傷口,他卻像老狗一般喘息著辦教育,教育國人,叫了一百年,也見證了中國的一百年……。

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