吠了一百年的老狗
惟雯說故事
這是一篇非常感人的文章，「吠了一百年的老狗」，它為中華之奮起呐喊！
假想一下，人生11歲時，應該是什麼樣子？
可能是捧著iPad看劇，也可能跟著父母出了幾趟遠門。
但167年前的晚清，11歲的江蘇丹陽少年馬相伯，一身意氣地走進風中，他想見識這個廣闊的世界，獨自向兩百多公里外的城市上海出發了。
他一頭鑽進上海徐匯一所教會學校，苦學法語、拉丁語、希臘語等七國語言，同時攻讀哲學、神學、數理和天文等學科。
他是中國那個時代第一個能夠熟練運用7國語言的人才。
到了1870年，當年那個獨自出門的少年，已被授予神學博士。
那年，他整30歲，已入而立之年，一肚子的學問，卻無處施展。
馬相伯本想獻身教會，可外國人氣勢凜人，經常欺負中國人，在無比失落和悲憫之中，36歲的馬相伯一怒之下，決定出走。
既然不能在教會施展學問，實現抱負，那就索性從政。
1876年，馬相伯敲開了直隸總督李鴻章的大門。
憑藉熟練7國語言，馬相伯追隨李鴻章，擔任助手和翻譯。
可是晚清大廈將傾，馬相伯縱有百般學問又能如何呢，能做的也不過是跟著李鴻章簽訂一個個“喪權辱國”的協約。
在談判桌上，馬相伯用盡全力，代表國家唇槍舌劍，來回斡旋。
可是回國之後，等待他的是鋪天蓋地的“賣國賊”討伐聲，所到之處，全部冷眼。就連自己的母親，也不能理解兒子，甚至和外人常說：“我不曾生過馬相伯這樣的兒子。”
在臨終之前，馬相伯想陪在母親病榻旁，多盡孝道，可母親拒絕見他。
直到去世，也不肯和兒子說一句話，而母親葬禮上，馬相伯大哭不止。
他有一肚子委屈，這一生，他全部的努力和抱負沒有得到—–那一年是1900年，馬相伯60歲。
母親去世之後，他極度悲憤與失望，人生也已入晚年，這一生終歸一事無成，揮盡無窮血淚，轉眼不過空夢。
馬相伯從此掛冠而去，終生遠離政治。
他感到自己的人生距離死亡不遠了，與其一事無成，不如此生落下白茫茫一片真乾淨，塵歸於塵，土歸於土，赤裸裸地來，赤裸裸地去。
馬相伯從家中拿出地契，將三千畝田產全部捐出。
並立下字據，“自獻之後，永無反悔”。
捐完之後，他身無分文，轉身走進上海土山灣孤兒院。
剩下的日子，就安靜地等待自己人生的夜幕降臨。
回首這一生，
他有少年求學時的意氣，
有治國無門時的失望，
有母親死不閉眼的痛楚，
也有白茫茫一片的灑脫。
馬相伯原以為，這就是自己的人生。
殊不知，他悲愴的人生這才剛剛開始。
1901年秋天，33歲的蔡元培到上海擔任南洋公學總教習，他來找馬相伯學習拉丁語，馬相伯並沒拒絕，可蔡元培一來，來學習的學生卻越來越多。
來的學生越多，馬相伯的生命重新被點燃。
“何不辦一所學校，讓中國的孩子們有書讀？”
在耶穌會的支持下，馬相伯辦了震旦學院。
大學問家梁啟超聽說馬相伯出山辦學，激動之情溢於言表，他在賀文寫道： “今乃始見我祖國得一完備有條理之私立學校，吾欲狂喜。”
不經意間，馬相伯辦了中國第一所私立學校。
雖是如此，可馬相伯老人並無雜念，只要有才華、愛學習的學生，都收入門下，盡心盡力教育知識。
1904年，于右任還是一個文學小青年，中了秀才，在家寫嘲諷清政府的“反詩”《半哭半笑樓詩草》。被一路通緝，只好避難上海。
于右任走投無路時，他來找馬相伯老人，老人愛才，一見于右任，對他說：“今天你就可以入學震旦，我免收你的學費、膳費和宿費。”
只這一句，于右任就熱淚盈眶。
他從未想過，自己一個朝廷通緝犯，馬校長也敢收！
在震旦大學期間，于右任化名“劉學裕”讀書。
幾個月後，馬相伯又把于右任叫到辦公室，鄭重地對他說：“我知道你過去教過幾年書，現在你的學識足以做我的教學助手。從明天開始，你就是震旦的教師了！”
可是震旦學院成立兩年後，投資方耶穌會只想教育傳教士，而馬相伯卻希望教育出能對國家有用之人。
兩方俱不相讓，耶穌會一怒之下，解散學院。
對馬相伯老人更是百般驅逐，甚至找人將老人架到醫院，讓他 “無病而入病院”。
老人被架走後，學生們就再也無書可讀了。
學生們紛紛表態：“我們誓死和馬校長站在一起，可以無震旦，不可無校長……” 于右任帶著同學們找到馬相伯，在醫院，大家一見到老人，就齊齊全部跪下了：校長，我們沒書可讀了。”
聽到這句話，老人哭了，偌大的中國竟然擺不下一張小小的課桌。
為了讓孩子們有書可讀，上海街頭，常常能看到一個65歲的老人，一個人拄著拐杖，顫顫巍巍地東奔西走，到處遊說籌集款項。
“國家再窮，可學生們總該有書讀啊！”1905年中秋節，老人終於得到了社會的支持，在吳淞廢棄的提督衙門，破破爛爛的屋舍裏，一個老人，一百多個學生，沒有桌子、沒有椅子，只有一塊黑板，這就是現在名校復旦大學的前身復旦公學。
開學那天，300多名學生從各地趕來，甚至有學生坐火車從蘇州趕來，又走了一夜的路才來到學校。
馬相伯擔任復旦公學第一任校長，就是這樣簡陋的教學環境，卻培養出了：
中國著名的氣象學家竺可楨、民國藝術大師李叔同、國學大師陳寅恪、著名數學家胡敦複、中國第一任輕工業部部長黃炎培政治家、教育家邵力子……等。
而今日復旦大學，優秀畢業生更是數不勝數，他們在各個領域都有傑出貢獻。
但今日中國，知“馬相伯”有幾人？
就算是今日復旦大學的學生，又有幾人知道100多年前，一個65歲的老人，曾排除萬難，憑一己之力創辦學校。
從那時開始，只要說到讓孩子讀書，馬相伯老人就辦學“上癮”。
像割肉飼虎的佛陀，可以拖著年邁的身體粉身碎骨。
一生中，馬相伯用一己之力辦了復旦大學、輔仁大學、震旦女子文理學院，培根女校，啟明女子中學。
1917年，當蔡元培第一次出任北大校長時，在中國掀起教育改革時，首先邀請恩師馬相伯老人北上，老人對蔡元培說：“所謂大學者，非校舍之大之謂，非學生年齡之大之謂，亦非教員薪水之大之謂，系道德高尚、學問淵深之謂也。”
馬相伯老人所言，便是現代教育的全部意義，他在中國第一個提出教育的普世價值，提出現代教育的平等、奮發和進取，思想和自由。
誰也未曾想到，這個現代教育的踐行者竟然是一位在60歲時，曾一度決定放棄人生追尋的失落老人。
在治國無門的失望中，在母親死不閉眼的痛楚中，用佛陀般才有的獻身精神，重新出發，並影響蔡元培、陶行知、梅貽琦等大教育家。
1937年，上海淪陷，馬相伯老人97歲，人到了97歲，按道理應該不再出門，因為生命隨時都會中止，甚至會暴死街頭，最後能不能留個全屍都不知道。
可上海已經淪陷，中華大地全在戰火之中。不當亡國奴，就只能一路逃難。
97歲的馬相伯老人，被家人帶著，像個老狗一樣，氣喘吁吁地四處逃亡。
從上海跑到武漢，從武漢跑到重慶，重慶常年遭到空襲，又跑到相對安全的雲南，當雲南也被空襲時。
家人又帶著這條老狗，竟然一路跑到了越南諒山。
1939年4月的一天，老人病了，他躺在病床上，虛弱不堪地問家人：“我們到哪里了？這裏是中國嗎？”家人知道老人不想客死他鄉，要死也想死在中國的版圖上，可戰亂的中國，哪里還有一塊可以埋葬全屍的地方呢？
家人只能騙他： “現在我們已到達滇黔交界處了，回來了。”
聽到這句話，馬相伯長歎口氣。
這一年，馬相伯老人99歲，按中國人的傳統，99歲已是罕見的高齡。這一年，雖是戰亂年代，復旦的老師和十幾位學生依然前來為他過百歲大壽。
老人示意將祝壽金拿出，全部捐給前線抗戰傷兵和難民。
《國際新聞》主編胡愈之去採訪他，面對烽煙四起，國破山河的中國，老人不由得想起自己的一生，生活了整整一百年，也見證了這個國家民不聊生的一百年。
辦教育如同學狗叫，目的都在警醒世人，他內心百感交集，突然泣不成聲：“我是一條狗啊，叫了一百年，也沒有把中國叫醒的一天……”
馬相伯叫來孫女馬玉章。
一看到孫女的臉，老人就哽咽了，他問馬玉章：“爺爺沒有給你留下一分錢，連你自己的錢也沒有留給你……”說完這句，老人泣不成聲。
停了一會兒後，馬相伯又開口：“你……你恨爺爺不恨？”
早在1914年，馬玉章只有6個月大時，馬相伯的兒子馬君遠病逝。
于右任、邵力子等學生籌錢找到馬相伯：“先生，玉章還小，這一萬塊錢，用來資助她日後的生活費和教育費吧。”
拿到這筆錢，馬相伯轉身就去創辦了啟明女子中學，沒有給孫女留下一分錢。
對孫女的這份愧疚，馬相伯一生深埋在心，這麼多年來，他一直不敢說出口。
11月4日晚，病床上的老人連日水米不進，在聽到家人說到湘北大捷時，突然掙扎著坐起來，連呼幾聲“消息！消息！”後，沉沉倒下，合上雙眼。
臨終之前，他甚至都不知道自己並未死在祖國，而是客死異國他鄉。
馬相伯活了一百歲，親歷晚清、民國、抗日三個時期，浮沉百年離亂，見證了無數個當政者的中國，道光、咸豐、同治、光緒、宣統，孫中山、袁世凱、蔣介石。每走一步，人生都是負重而行。
歷史在他身上鞭打出深深的傷口，他卻像老狗一般喘息著辦教育，教育國人，叫了一百年，也見證了中國的一百年……。
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