高尿酸血症與痛風
楊惟婷整理
台灣近年痛風患者已有年輕化趨勢。發作起來痛得冷汗直流，拖著腿也走不動。但這種病不發作的時候人好好的，到醫院也查不出來什麼毛病，醫生只是告訴你尿酸高點，其他沒事。
但尿酸怎麼會高？醫生說是因為海鮮吃過多、吃了太多高蛋白食物。很多人聽了馬上控制飲食，可是不管怎麼忌口，該發作它還是痛。
一、何謂高尿酸血症？
普林是體內遺傳物質上的一種含氮物質，普林可來自於身體自行合成、身體組織的分解及富含核蛋白的食物；普林經由肝臟代謝形成尿酸，最後由腎臟將尿酸排出體外。
當男性每100毫升血液中的尿酸值在7毫克以上，女生在6毫克以上時，便稱為高尿酸血症。
二、造成高尿酸血症的原因
可能造成高尿酸血症的原因如下﹕
1、攝取富含普林或導致普林合成增加的食物
2、尿酸的合成增加
3、腎臟排除尿酸受阻
4、腸道排除尿酸受阻
理想的血中尿酸值不超過6(mg/dL)，使用降尿酸藥物，可減少急性發作、關節變形、腎臟傷害的風險，患者應長期追蹤治療，搭配飲食控制。普林含量高的食物，列為患者依照醫囑，宜限量的食物。
普林含量高的食物如下：
■發芽豆類、黃豆。
■雞肝、雞腸、鴨肝、豬肝、豬小腸、牛肝等。
■白鯧魚、鰱魚、虱目魚、吳郭魚、白帶魚、烏魚、吻仔魚、鯊魚、海鰻、
沙丁魚、小魚干、扁魚干等。
■小管、草蝦、牡蠣、蛤蜊、蚌蛤、干貝等。
■豆苗、黃豆芽、蘆筍、紫菜、香菇。
■肉汁、濃肉湯(汁) 、雞精等。
■酵母粉。
其中，黃豆，雞肝、雞脾、豬小腸、豬肝、鴨肝、牛肝等肉類與內臟、白鯧魚、鰱魚、虱目魚、吳郭魚、皮刀魚、四破魚、白帶魚、烏魚、鯊魚、海鰻、沙丁魚、小管、草蝦、牡蠣、蛤蜊、蚌蛤、干貝、小魚干、扁魚干、烏魚皮、白帶魚皮、吻仔魚等水產品，以及曬乾香菇、紫菜、酵母粉等，最好不要食用。
三、長期高尿酸血症引起的併發症
長期高尿酸血症可能引起什麼併發症？
1、痛風性關節炎
2、腎臟病
3、尿路結石
4、並常併有高脂血症
5、糖尿病及心血管疾病
四、痛風成因
（一）西醫觀點
痛風的發生是因體內的普林代謝異常，導致高尿酸血症，而使尿酸鈉鹽沉積在關節腔內，造成關節腫脹和變形。
■痛風和高尿酸血症有什麼關係？
痛風，聽起來好像很痛的疾病，其實並不會讓人「全身痠痛」。
如果全身到處痠痛，比較可能的原因是因為過度的工作或激烈運動（例如參加運動會後幾天的全身痠痛），身體負荷不了而產生全身性的反應，或者是因為身體被病毒或細菌感染（例如流行性感冒的時候會覺得肌肉痠痛，全身懶洋洋的），很少是因為痛風所引起的。
據文獻報告：罹患痛風的機率，隨著血液中尿酸濃度的升高而顯著增加。
■痛風的臨床徵狀分為四個階段：
1、無症狀的高尿酸血症
2、急性痛風
3、不發作期
4、慢性痛風性關節炎
■誘發性痛風的因素有：
外傷、飲酒、手術、暴飲暴食、出血、感染、放射線治療、藥物或饑餓等。
（二）中醫觀點
痛風其實這也是腎虛的一種症狀，因為腎的過濾功能減弱了，血液裏的酸毒排不出去，隨著血液迴圈流動。
由於大腳趾關節是人體的最末梢關節，酸毒的結晶體最容易積聚在這裏，也有的人是大拇指關節痛，都是同樣的道理。
所以，如果你不去調整腎臟，恢復它的過濾功能，酸毒結晶長期擠壓關節，最後關節不能正常活動，出現變形了。
所以痛風患者不僅要改變飲食習慣，更關鍵在於恢復腎臟的機能，提高過濾能力，把酸毒排出體外才不會再復發。 腎乃“先天之本”，不可不知也。
腎有藏精、主生長、發育、生殖、主水液代謝等功能，被稱為“先天之本”。
腎虧精損是引起臟腑功能失調，產生疾病的重要因素之一。
五、痛風患者的飲食保健
■痛風患者的飲食原則：
- 維持理想體重
- 理想體重可以下列公式估算：
- 理想體重(公斤) = 體重 ¸ 身高2 (公尺2) = 22 ± 10%
- 若體重超過理想值的10%時，應慢慢減輕，每月以減重1~2公斤為宜；但不宜於急性發病期減輕體重。
- 不過量攝取蛋白質。在正常情形下，每人每天每公斤理想體重以攝取1公克蛋白質為宜。
- 急性病發期間，應儘量選擇普林含量低的食物，如：蛋類、奶類、米、麥、甘薯、葉菜類、瓜類、蔬菜及各式水果，蛋白質最好完全由蛋類、奶類供應。
- 非急性病發期，則應力求飲食均衡，並避免食用普林含量過高的食物(請參考附表：普林含量高的食物)。
- 烹調時用油要適量。少吃油炸食物，避免經常外食。
- 黃豆及其製品(如：豆腐、豆干、豆漿、味噌、醬油、豆芽等)，雖含較高量的普林，但因普林的種類與肉類不同，故於非急性發病期，仍可適量攝取。
- 避免攝食肉湯或肉汁(因為經過長時間烹調的肉湯或肉汁，通常含有大量溶出的普林)。
- 食慾不佳時，須注意補充含糖液體，以避免身體組織快速分解，誘發痛風。
- 多喝水。
- 避免喝酒(空腹飲酒易飲起急性發作)。
- 避免暴飲暴食。
■影響痛風較大的是肥胖、喝酒、水分不足、海產食物及肉類吃太多。
美國流行病學自1986年至1998年追蹤12年，針對5萬多個白人男性調查發現，影響痛風發生因素的就是肥胖，男性21歲以後體重每增加15公斤，痛風危險性就增至平常人的2.47倍，反之，每減少5公斤體重，痛風發生率就減30％，因此，痛風患者應適度減重。
■大量的肉與海鮮是痛風的危險因子，痛風者應減少蝦貝、魚類的攝取，每周吃一至二次就好。
■另外，每天2000至3000CC的水分，有助尿酸從腎臟排泄，最好定時每2至3小時喝300CC的水，每天喝6到8次。
■此外，研究顯示，低脂奶品與痛風的危險性有負相關，已獲得實證，因此建議患者每天喝杯240CC的脫脂奶或低脂優酪乳。
■1876年以來證實「喝發酵酒會造成痛風」，針對頗令貪杯痛風患者扼腕的酒類，近年的研究仍顯示，一天喝15公克的酒精量，就足以增加血清尿酸值0.99mg／dl。不過，根據第3屆美國營養調查，攝取葡萄酒15公克的酒精量，卻可降低血清尿酸值-0.23mg／dl，不過機轉未知。劉玉來表示，也許與其飲食習慣有關，但如果痛風者有高血壓、心臟病，仍不建議喝葡萄酒。
六、怎樣養腎？
1、 足部保暖
足部保暖是養腎的一種方法。這是因為腎經起於足底，而足部很容易受到寒氣的侵襲。因此，足部要特別注意保暖，睡覺時不要將雙腳正對空調或電扇;不要赤腳在潮濕的地方長期行走。
另外，足底有許多穴位，如湧泉穴。“腎出於湧泉，湧泉者足心也。”每晚睡覺前可以按揉腳底湧泉穴，按摩湧泉穴可起到養腎固精之功效。
2、防治便秘
大便不暢，宿便停積，濁氣上攻，不僅使人心煩氣躁，胸悶氣促，而且會傷及腎臟，導致腰酸疲憊，噁心嘔吐。因此，保持大便通暢，也是養腎的方法。
大便難解時，可用雙手手背貼住雙腎區，用力按揉，可激發腎氣，加速排便;行走時，用雙手背按揉腎區，可緩解腰酸症狀。
3、飲水養腎
水是生命之源。水液不足，則可能引起濁毒的留滯，加重腎的負擔。因此，定時飲水是很重要的養腎方法。
4、不要忍尿
膀胱中貯存的尿液達到一定程度，就會刺激神經，產生排尿反射。這時一定要及時如廁，將小便排乾淨。否則，積存的小便會成為水濁之氣，侵害腎臟。因此，有尿時就要及時排出，也是養腎的最好的方法之一。
5、吞津養腎
口腔中的唾液分為兩部分：清稀的為涎，由脾所主;稠厚的為唾，由腎所主。你可以做一個實驗，口裏一有唾液就把它吐出來，不到一天時間，就會感到腰部酸軟，身體疲勞。這反過來證明，吞咽津液可以滋養腎精，起到保腎作用。
6、保腎食療
能夠補腎的食物有很多。除了黑色的黑芝麻、黑木耳、黑米、黑豆等黑色食物可養腎外，核桃、韭菜、蝦、羊腰等也可以起到補腎養腎的作用。
7、睡眠養腎
充足的睡眠對於氣血的生化、腎精的保養起著重要作用。臨床發現，許多腎功能衰竭的患者有過分熬夜、過度疲勞、睡眠不足的經歷。因此，不要過度熬夜，養成良好的作息習慣，早睡早起，有利於腎精的養護。
★泡腳能治腎病！
腳是陰血的大本營，三條陰經都彙集於此：足少陰腎經、足太陰脾經、足厥陰肝經。腎生血、肝藏血、脾統血。
■晚上泡腳為什麼能補血 ？
血虛、血淤→手腳冰涼、舌質黯淡、臉上有斑、心臟發緊、憋悶、喘不過氣。
晚上泡腳 — 熱水中放紅花（味辛，性溫，歸肝經和心包經，破血、行血、和血、調血），活血化淤；疏通腎、肝、脾三條陰經。
■泡腳的竅門
春天泡腳，開陽固脫；
夏天泡腳，祛濕除熱；
秋天泡腳，清腸潤肺；
冬天泡腳，丹田暖和。
（1）水中放生薑、陳皮、薄荷→脾胃虛→暖脾胃，祛濕邪。
（2）水中放花椒→除臭祛濕、利氣行水、扶助陽氣。
（3）水中放白芍、益母草、當歸→痛經→痛經一般是體寒或氣滯血瘀引起，白芍除陰氣、祛腹痛、通順血脈；益母草去瘀生新，活血調經；當歸補血活血、調經止痛，還可以使皮膚白皙紅潤，改善手腳冰涼的問題。
（4）水中放乾薑→風濕骨痛、怕冷怕涼→幹姜溫中散寒、回陽通脈。
（5）水中放黃芪10克、透骨草10克、伸筋草10克、花椒6克→糖尿病（陰虛所致）→花椒祛濕；黃芪補氣固表；透骨草可以幫助藥物透過皮膚深入肌體，發揮藥力。
■泡腳五忌諱：
一忌剛吃飯或空腹後泡腳。應飯後半小時後。
二忌水溫過高。應40-50度。
三忌時間過長。應20分左右，微微出汗既可。
四忌自作主張，亂放中藥。
五忌月經期不泡。
微信 
留言列表（827条）
Thanks for sharing excellent informations. Your site is so cool. I’m impressed by the details that you have on this blog. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for more articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found simply the info I already searched everywhere and just could not come across. What an ideal web-site.
After going over a handful of the blog articles on your web page, I seriously appreciate your technique of writing a blog. I saved it to my bookmark site list and will be checking back in the near future. Take a look at my website as well and tell me your opinion.
There’s certainly a great deal to know about this topic. I like all the points you’ve made.
Güvenilir bir danışman için medyum nasip hocayı seçin en iyi medyum hocalardan bir tanesidir.
Pretty component of content. I simply stumbled upon your website and in accession capital to claim that I acquire in fact enjoyed account your weblog posts. Anyway I?ll be subscribing on your augment or even I fulfillment you get admission to constantly fast.
Thanks for the write-up. My partner and i have generally observed that almost all people are eager to lose weight as they wish to show up slim as well as attractive. Nevertheless, they do not often realize that there are additional benefits for you to losing weight additionally. Doctors say that over weight people have problems with a variety of disorders that can be directly attributed to their own excess weight. Thankfully that people that are overweight as well as suffering from different diseases can reduce the severity of their illnesses by means of losing weight. You are able to see a progressive but noticeable improvement in health as soon as even a slight amount of weight loss is achieved.
One thing I would really like to say is the fact that before getting more computer memory, look at the machine in which it could well be installed. In the event the machine is definitely running Windows XP, for instance, the memory limit is 3.25GB. Adding above this would easily constitute just a waste. Make sure that one’s mother board can handle the actual upgrade amount, as well. Thanks for your blog post.
I have learned newer and more effective things through your blog post. Also a thing to I have seen is that normally, FSBO sellers may reject an individual. Remember, they’d prefer not to use your solutions. But if you maintain a steady, professional relationship, offering help and being in contact for about four to five weeks, you will usually manage to win a discussion. From there, a listing follows. Thanks
I am continually impressed by your ability to delve into subjects with grace and clarity. Your articles are both informative and enjoyable to read, a rare combination. Your blog is a valuable resource, and I am sincerely grateful for it.
I’m truly impressed by the way you effortlessly distill intricate concepts into easily digestible information. Your writing style not only imparts knowledge but also engages the reader, making the learning experience both enjoyable and memorable. Your passion for sharing your expertise is unmistakable, and for that, I am deeply grateful.
Thanks for the new stuff you have unveiled in your short article. One thing I would like to touch upon is that FSBO human relationships are built after some time. By introducing yourself to the owners the first saturday their FSBO is actually announced, prior to a masses start off calling on Mon, you create a good association. By mailing them methods, educational products, free accounts, and forms, you become a strong ally. By using a personal affinity for them plus their circumstances, you make a solid interconnection that, on many occasions, pays off in the event the owners decide to go with a representative they know and also trust — preferably you actually.
I am extremely impressed with your writing skills as well as with the layout on your weblog. Is this a paid theme or did you customize it yourself? Anyway keep up the excellent quality writing, it is rare to see a nice blog like this one these days..
This article resonated with me on a personal level. Your ability to emotionally connect with your audience is truly commendable. Your words are not only informative but also heartwarming. Thank you for sharing your insights.
I’m genuinely impressed by how effortlessly you distill intricate concepts into easily digestible information. Your writing style not only imparts knowledge but also engages the reader, making the learning experience both enjoyable and memorable. Your passion for sharing your expertise shines through, and for that, I’m deeply grateful.
This article is a real game-changer! Your practical tips and well-thought-out suggestions are incredibly valuable. I can’t wait to put them into action. Thank you for not only sharing your expertise but also making it accessible and easy to implement.
Thank you for sharing indeed great looking !
Your storytelling prowess is nothing short of extraordinary. Reading this article felt like embarking on an adventure of its own. The vivid descriptions and engaging narrative transported me, and I eagerly await to see where your next story takes us. Thank you for sharing your experiences in such a captivating manner.
I’m genuinely impressed by how effortlessly you distill intricate concepts into easily digestible information. Your writing style not only imparts knowledge but also engages the reader, making the learning experience both enjoyable and memorable. Your passion for sharing your expertise is unmistakable, and for that, I am deeply appreciative.
Thank you for sharing indeed great looking !
Güvenilir bir danışman için medyum nasip hocayı seçin en iyi medyum hocalardan bir tanesidir.
bouncing ball 8 casino login
Thanks for sharing your ideas with this blog. In addition, a misconception regarding the banking institutions intentions any time talking about home foreclosure is that the lender will not getreceive my repayments. There is a fair bit of time which the bank will require payments every now and then. If you are far too deep inside hole, they’re going to commonly desire that you pay the actual payment fully. However, i am not saying that they will have any sort of payments at all. When you and the financial institution can manage to work a little something out, a foreclosure course of action may halt. However, if you ever continue to skip payments wih the new approach, the foreclosed process can just pick up exactly where it left off.
Hey There. I discovered your blog the usage of msn. This is a very well written article. I?ll make sure to bookmark it and return to learn more of your useful information. Thank you for the post. I?ll definitely return.
Thanks for your posting on the traveling industry. I’d also like to include that if your senior thinking of traveling, it really is absolutely essential that you buy traveling insurance for senior citizens. When traveling, golden-agers are at greatest risk of having a professional medical emergency. Receiving the right insurance coverage package in your age group can protect your health and provide peace of mind.
I really like reading through a post that will make men and women think. Also, many thanks for allowing me to comment.
What an insightful and thoroughly-researched article! The author’s attention to detail and capability to present complicated ideas in a understandable manner is truly admirable. I’m extremely enthralled by the depth of knowledge showcased in this piece. Thank you, author, for sharing your knowledge with us. This article has been a game-changer!
In a world where trustworthy information is more crucial than ever, your dedication to research and the provision of reliable content is truly commendable. Your commitment to accuracy and transparency shines through in every post. Thank you for being a beacon of reliability in the online realm.
Your positivity and enthusiasm are undeniably contagious! This article brightened my day and left me feeling inspired. Thank you for sharing your uplifting message and spreading positivity among your readers.
Your dedication to sharing knowledge is unmistakable, and your writing style is captivating. Your articles are a pleasure to read, and I consistently come away feeling enriched. Thank you for being a dependable source of inspiration and information.
Your unique approach to addressing challenging subjects is like a breath of fresh air. Your articles stand out with their clarity and grace, making them a pure joy to read. Your blog has now become my go-to source for insightful content.
Good post. I learn something totally new and challenging on sites I stumbleupon everyday. It will always be helpful to read through articles from other writers and practice something from their web sites.
In a world where trustworthy information is more crucial than ever, your dedication to research and the provision of reliable content is truly commendable. Your commitment to accuracy and transparency shines through in every post. Thank you for being a beacon of reliability in the online realm.
I couldn’t agree more with the insightful points you’ve made in this article. Your depth of knowledge on the subject is evident, and your unique perspective adds an invaluable layer to the discussion. This is a must-read for anyone interested in this topic.
Your dedication to sharing knowledge is unmistakable, and your writing style is captivating. Your articles are a pleasure to read, and I consistently come away feeling enriched. Thank you for being a dependable source of inspiration and information.
I’ve discovered a treasure trove of knowledge in your blog. Your unwavering dedication to offering trustworthy information is truly commendable. Each visit leaves me more enlightened, and I deeply appreciate your consistent reliability.
Thank you for the sensible critique. Me & my neighbor were just preparing to do some research on this. We got a grab a book from our area library but I think I learned more from this post. I’m very glad to see such excellent information being shared freely out there.
This article resonated with me on a personal level. Your ability to emotionally connect with your audience is truly commendable. Your words are not only informative but also heartwarming. Thank you for sharing your insights.
I’m continually impressed by your ability to dive deep into subjects with grace and clarity. Your articles are both informative and enjoyable to read, a rare combination. Your blog is a valuable resource, and I’m grateful for it.
Your positivity and enthusiasm are undeniably contagious! This article brightened my day and left me feeling inspired. Thank you for sharing your uplifting message and spreading positivity among your readers.
As I web site possessor I believe the content matter here is rattling great , appreciate it for your hard work. You should keep it up forever! Good Luck.
A great post without any doubt.
As I web site possessor I believe the content material here is rattling fantastic , appreciate it for your efforts. You should keep it up forever! Good Luck.
This article resonated with me on a personal level. Your ability to connect with your audience emotionally is commendable. Your words are not only informative but also heartwarming. Thank you for sharing your insights.
Your passion and dedication to your craft radiate through every article. Your positive energy is infectious, and it’s evident that you genuinely care about your readers’ experience. Your blog brightens my day!
Your storytelling prowess is nothing short of extraordinary. Reading this article felt like embarking on an adventure of its own. The vivid descriptions and engaging narrative transported me, and I eagerly await to see where your next story takes us. Thank you for sharing your experiences in such a captivating manner.
I’ve discovered a treasure trove of knowledge in your blog. Your unwavering dedication to offering trustworthy information is truly commendable. Each visit leaves me more enlightened, and I deeply appreciate your consistent reliability.
789win is a leading reputable bookmaker in the field of online games, with quick deposit and withdrawal services and great incentives.
An interesting discussion is price comment. I think that you should write extra on this matter, it won’t be a taboo topic however generally individuals are not enough to talk on such topics. To the next. Cheers
One thing I have actually noticed is that there are plenty of misguided beliefs regarding the financial institutions intentions when talking about property foreclosure. One fairy tale in particular is the fact the bank wishes to have your house. The financial institution wants your hard earned money, not the home. They want the funds they lent you together with interest. Steering clear of the bank will draw the foreclosed final result. Thanks for your posting.
Please let me know if you’re looking for a writer for your site. You have some really great articles and I feel I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d really like to write some content for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine. Please send me an e-mail if interested. Thank you!