急性筋肉拉傷防治
楊惟婷整理
「筋肉拉傷」是常見的運動傷害，以下介紹四種筋肉拉傷的預防與治療：
一、背部拉傷：
古云：背厚1公分，人顯老3歲，背薄如紙最健康。
（一）背部的重要結構
1、脊椎：
是人體年輕的第二道生命線，也是五臟六腑的反射區，因為五臟六腑的神經和血管都連在脊椎上。脊椎的健康決定人體的健康！
脊椎彎曲變形容易壓迫五臟六腑，還容易形成椎間盤突出和骨質增生（骨刺），80%的慢性疾病都是因為脊椎彎曲變形所導致。
2、雙肩：
由於脊椎側彎變形所導致的高低肩，若不加以矯正很容易造成半身不遂和中風。
3、大椎：
是督脈的總開關，脂肪壓迫大椎易形成頭部缺氧，出現頭暈、頭痛、失眠、多夢、記憶力下降。
4、膀胱經：
脊椎兩邊是膀胱經，是人體最大的兩條排水、排毒通道，背部脂肪厚壓迫膀胱經會造成排水、排毒不暢，毒素堆積，水腫、肥胖，甚至疾病。
（二）背部拉傷的處理：
若因運動過度或跌落受傷，造成背部肌肉過度拉扯受傷，應立即休息和冰敷，之後再依其嚴重程度做伸展運動或復健。
如果受傷的程度，移動的時候很痛；疼痛或麻木的感覺會沿著臀部大腿往下延伸至小腿；或大小便有問題…。
此時，可能跌斷骨頭或造成脊椎椎間盤受損、突出壓到神經，先讓受傷者平躺休息（可以的話，在膝蓋以下放一個枕頭減少脊椎壓力），並立即找醫師檢查治療。
二、腿部肌肉拉傷：
（一）腿部的重要經絡
腿部有六條經絡經過，其中：
1、肝膽經：
內肝外膽，是解毒排毒的，大腿脂肪過多會出現內擴外擴、大象腿、擦襠現象，壓迫肝膽經導致排毒受阻，使體內毒素增加，濕氣增加，而陰部本來就陰暗潮濕，這樣就增加了陰部的濕潤度，加速了細菌的繁殖，容易導致婦科炎症。
2、脾胃經：
脾胃是管肉的，脂肪過多壓迫脾胃經易造成脾胃失調，出現皮膚鬆弛，營養失衡，皮膚發黃，有的喝水都長肉，有的吃再多也不長肉。
3、腎經、膀胱經：
腎經、膀胱經是管水的，脂肪過多易壓迫腎經膀胱經，易造成體內濕氣和毒素增加，新陳代謝減慢，體重上升，下身浮腫，減肥也難減。
（二）腿部拉傷的處理：
你可能在劇烈運動的時候，突然感到腿部肌肉一陣撕裂感，然後就是肌肉抽筋讓你沒辦法再繼續下去。幾天內，腿部會有腫脹甚至於淤血的感覺。
這裡要特別提醒的是有些厲害的拉傷會造成某些肌肉纖維斷裂而肌力永遠下降，而受傷處因為疤痕會形成弱點，更容易造成下次的拉傷。
其立即的處理也是一樣，休息、冰敷、抬高，甚至於口服一些消炎藥減少不適及腫脹。
但如果有以下的狀況，例如沒辦法自由伸展你的關節；移動的時候很痛；嚴重的腫脹或淤血…。
此時，你應立即找醫師檢查治療。
三、頸部拉傷：
在劇烈運動的時候，可能因為緊急喊停或撞到障礙物突然停止而造成頸部拉傷。在醫學上有一個特別的名詞叫「擊鞭傷害」(whiplash injury) ，也就是脖子像甩鞭子一樣的扯傷，造成肌腱韌帶，甚至於骨頭受損。
和背部拉傷一樣，頸部拉傷也有可能傷到椎間盤，甚至於造成神經壓迫的症狀，例如麻木或手腳無力…等等。
如果有以下的狀況，例如移動的時候很痛；疼痛或麻木的感覺會沿著肩部延伸至前臂或手部；双腳麻木或無力；大小便有問題。
此時，你應立即找醫師檢查治療。
四、手部肌腱拉傷：
在劇烈運動的時候，也可能因跌倒造成手指的肌腱拉傷。其機轉可能因為直接撞擊或過度伸展手術關節造成。輕微的肌腱拉傷可能只會在移動關節的時候有些許酸痛，但如果肌腱部份撕裂或完全斷裂的話就會有嚴重的疼痛腫脹或變型。
要特別注意的是，只要肌腱有斷裂的話，是不會自然癒合的，如果不去管它可能會造成手指無法活動無力或慢性的肌腱炎。
如果有以下的狀況，明顯的腫脹或變型；休息一小時後手指仍然無法自由活動；持續嚴重的疼痛；受傷的地方以下有麻木或無力的感覺。
此時，你應立即找醫師檢查治療。
總之，運動前要好好的做暖身及伸展運動，平時也應做一些重量訓練來強化肌肉，即可大大降低 肌肉拉傷的機會。
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