《小氣財神》
楊旭平
一、本書回顧
狄更斯寫的《聖誕頌歌》是很有名的短篇小說，原著已被拍成有名的電影叫〈小氣財神〉。
故事的概要是：
有一個叫做史魯基的老頭，他是一個六親不認的吝嗇鬼，他已老邁，但仍然貪婪、榨取、搜括，除了錢以外，他什麼都不信任。
他沒有妻兒，他所擁有的只是花不完的錢，但他愛錢如命，捨不得花一個銅板。他並沒有年節的觀念，就連所有的孩子們歡喜過的耶誕節，他也不當一回事，甚至他痛恨耶誕節的來臨。
史魯基老頭絕不同情貧困的人，他不肯施捨，他沉默寡言，他討厭別人去找他，他深怕別人要他捐款濟貧，他只知道工作再工作，賺了錢後，再放高利貸剝削他人。史魯基老頭古怪的個性，已近乎「變態」；連冒著風雪來「報佳音」，為他唱耶誕頌的人，他都把他們趕走。
在寒冷的風雪交加的夜晚，不分貧富，所有的人都在團圓，準備迎接耶誕節的時候，只有史魯基老頭例外，他不要過耶誕節，他不要人間的溫暖，他只要錢。
史魯基老頭苛刻到極點，就連平安夜也都不給店員休假，如不來上班就以扣工資來威脅。誠實的夥計為了養家，不得不向史魯基老頭低頭，他犧性了家裡一年一度的歡樂時光，帶著懊惱默默的替史魯基老頭工作。
史魯基老頭獨自住在古老的大宅第裡。平常不信鬼神的史魯基老頭，突然在寒冷的耶誕夜裡，陷入了自己的幻覺裡而不能自拔；他看到了已死了多年的老朋友，腰部纏繞著笨重的鍊條，是由沉重的房契、金錢、帳簿所串成的，老友的鬼魂告訴史魯基說：「你死了以後，會背負沉重的枷鎖。因為，你在人間時，對金錢的搜括嚴苛都超過了我。」鬼魂搖動著繫在他身上的鍊條，說那是他生前自己鑄造的鍊子；又說一個錯用了生命的人，永遠沒有懺悔的機會。
所以史魯基怕得要命，夜半還出了一身冷汗，老頭嚇了醒過來。 耶誕之靈使時光倒流，帶著史魯基老頭回到了童年，使他過去熟悉的事、過去熟悉的人一一重現。
史魯基老頭在夢幻裡，看到了自己幼小時候的影子，他看到了安靜的學校裡空無一人， 所有的同學都回家過耶誕節去了，只有幼小的自己，寂寞的留在教室裡，夢想著耶誕節的歡樂。
突然間，史魯基最熟悉的聲音傳來了，那是他姊姊的聲音，遙遠的童年，一年又一年的過去的耶誕節，像銀幕上的影像，一幕接一幕，出現在史魯基老頭的眼前。他越看越痛苦，過去的歲月裡太缺乏歡樂，因為所有敬愛的人一個個消失，他的希望一個個破滅，他漸漸看到了現在的自己，孤獨、冷酷、苛刻醜惡的老人，他不敢相信那就是今天的自己。
史魯基老頭還在思索：「我自己怎麼會變成了今天這個樣子？這究竟是命運的安排嗎？ 我該怎麼辦？我一身是罪惡，我非下地獄不可了吧！」
然而，耶誕之靈卻不讓史魯基老頭去沉思，立刻把他帶到未來的世界去，看看充滿愛的溫暖，那是他平常對待很刻薄的店員的家裡，他家的廚房正冒著耶誕節時才有的各種糖餅的香味，屋子裡瀰漫了孩子們的歡笑聲。不多久，年輕的店員和他的美麗的妻子兒子團圓了，他們互祝耶誕快樂，最後，女主人還提議祝福史魯基老闆健康，耶誕快樂，女主人還向孩子們說：「史魯基老闆雖然古怪刻薄，但是畢竟給予了我們一家最低限度的溫飽，我們應該感念他。」
人間的愛，溫暖的家，使史魯基老頭的僵硬的心軟化了，他感到很慚愧，他痛哭流涕，他哭自己的卑鄙，哭自己怎麼變成一個沒有人性的醜惡老人？天漸漸亮了，史魯基老頭從夢幻裡回到了現實。
他醒悟了，完全變了另外一個老人似的；他決心補償過去的冷酷無情，他所雇用的店員家裡，突然收到了過去沒有的耶誕禮物，那是所有的孩子們所夢寐期求的一隻很大的烤火雞，它也是史魯基老頭送給孩子們的見面禮。
史魯基老頭的臉上從這一天起，掛上了慈祥的微笑。他給店員加了薪，並且笑著向他說：「耶誕快樂！」。
從此，史魯基老頭發覺整個世界都變了，他覺得每樣東西都能帶給他快樂，他走到大街，走到教堂，他參與所有快樂的人們的行列裡，他向所有的人祝賀耶誕快樂。
二、閱讀心得
由於狄更斯小時候家境貧困，父親在海軍軍需處當小職員，因無法還債而關進監牢。狄更斯被家境所迫，僅僅讀了三年書就輟學了。
為了生活，狄更斯幹過擦鞋童，洗瓶子雜工。吃的是粗食，穿的破爛，來往的是下層社會的販夫走卒。所以，也可以說：倫敦的下層社會，孕育了狄更斯的文學才華，倫敦成為狄更斯許多作品的「舞臺」。
由於狄更斯特殊的成長背景，在狄更斯的《聖誕頌歌》一書中除富有童話的意味外，他也加入濃濃的人情味，他把人性的兩面赤裸裸的寫出來。一方面他揭露了人生的黑暗、貪婪、 愚昧；另一方面他歌頌人性的光明、善良、友愛。
基本上，狄更斯的《聖誕頌歌》作品，最感人的地方也就是它充滿了人情味，也表現出人類的真愛，真實的描寫人性的光明純正，與陰暗醜惡；他筆下創造的人物有天真純潔的兒童，也有窮兇極惡的「壞人」。
在他的作品裡，美與醜，善與惡，真實與虛偽常同時展現，成為強烈的對比，如此，閱讀狄更斯的著作，可以讓我們對人性能有更深刻的了解，也更貼近真實的世界。
我們都是凡人，又活在現實的世界。不免懷疑，無情荒地真有情天?
我想，如果你還處在寅吃卯糧、入不敷出的情境，就不要想太多了，好好努力工作吧!
但假如有一天，你可以賺盡天下的財富，那麼你將有資格思考，如何享用你賺來的財富呢?
如果以比爾蓋玆、巴菲特、李嘉誠來說，他們就拿出很大財富比例來做公益!
或許，你會認為這樣做，那他們這一生是不是白忙了嗎?
或許，對他們來說，賺錢的過程是一種自我實現; 而回饋社會也是另一種形式的自我實現。而重要的是，在整個過程中，他們肯定了自己。
人生朝與暮，盍不留下典型在夙昔?
財畜對於個人，畢竟是身外之物。
20年前，掙錢是錢，見山是山，只是著相;
20年後，用錢是錢，見山是山，只是不再著相。
想通了，生命的意義就更加耐人尋味了!
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