肝炎食療
楊惟婷整理
一、肝炎患者養生保健之道
肝炎患者養生保健之道：
1、保持精神舒暢 ﹕
古人認為「怒傷肝」，尤其肝病患者精神上的壓力都很大，容易情緒緊張、憂鬱發怒，這對病情的發展是一種惡性循環。
2、保持充分休息 ﹕
早睡是保肝的要件之一，適當的臥床休息可以減輕肝臟負擔，並能為肝臟輸送更多的營養，從而促進肝細胞再生和肝功能恢復。
3、避免房事過度 ﹕
性生活過度，不但損傷腎精，使人常有頭暈腰痠、耳鳴失眠、心悸健忘等不適，也會使肝病患者的肝區疼痛、疲乏無力、納差噁心等症狀加重。
4、遠離酒精為害 ﹕
肝功能異常會使人體對酒精代謝能力降低，而且酒精的代謝產物會進一步地破壞肝細胞。
5、嚴禁濫服藥物 ﹕
肝臟是藥物代謝的主要器官，也最容易遭受到藥物的損害。因此，勿輕信廣告，亂服所謂的保肝藥、秘方、偏方，否則反而會增加肝臟的負擔，造成不必要的傷害。
6、及時就醫診治 ﹕
定期的驗血及超音波檢查，對於病情的追蹤及中醫的處方用藥都會有幫助。由於目前西醫並無令人滿意的治療方法，故而耐心地服用中藥，與醫師密切的配合，是最好的治療選擇。
二、肝炎飲食注意事項
肝炎飲食注意事項如下：
1、均衡營養 ﹕
一般以高熱量、高蛋白質、高維他命、低脂肪為原則。發病初期以少油為主，糖量可適當增加，但不宜過多；恢復期可增加蛋白質食品，肥胖者需注意控制油脂和糖分攝取。
2、少食油膩 ﹕
肝病患者因膽汁分泌障礙，對油脂類及脂溶性維生素的吸收不良，所以不能過食油膩。
3、少量多餐 ﹕
肝病病人消化吸收功能較弱，少量多餐，可減輕腹脹、噁心等腸胃道症狀，也可減低肝臟負擔，有利於肝細胞恢復。
4、適宜食物 ﹕
清燉且易吸收之食品與新鮮蔬果。如：豬肚、瘦肉、蛤蜊、蕃茄、蓮藕、紅蘿蔔、青色葉菜類、牛乳、雞蛋、木瓜、梨子等。
5、禁忌食物 ﹕
火爆油炸物，如：香腸、臘肉、油條、花生；易腐敗之海產類，如蝦、蟹；刺激性飲料，如：咖啡、可樂、濃茶；化學合成物，如食品罐頭；多油膩食物，如：肥肉、動物皮。
6、烹調食物 ﹕
烹調食物不宜過鹹，尤其肝硬化、腹水的患者應以低鹽食物為主。
7、中醫保健﹕
在急性發作期，可以玉米鬚燉蚌肉、茵陳蛤蜊肉湯為食療。患者常自行購買以保肝及提昇人體免疫力的藥品，其品質好壞相差懸殊，且有其特殊的適應條件，故需遵照醫師指示服用。
8、小心進食﹕
進食時，每口飯嚼多次(約60~70次)，飯菜分別入口，進食時間應30分鐘以上。每日一餐以粗糧素食(少油膩)，不吃動物脂肪為主。
三、急性肝炎食療偏方
急性肝炎食療如下：
- 山藥龍眼燉鱉： 山藥、龍眼肉各5錢、鱉半隻加水適量，隔水燉熟服用，1個月約2次。
- 茵陳蛤蜊湯： 茵陳3錢，蛤蜊4兩至8兩，煮湯飲用。
四、慢性肝炎食療偏方
慢性肝炎食療如下：
- 玉米鬚燉蚌肉：
玉米鬚1兩至2兩，蚌肉半斤煲湯服食。
- 枸杞紅棗煲雞蛋：
每次用枸杞5錢至8錢、紅棗6至8個、雞蛋2個，雞蛋煮熟後去殼取蛋再煮片刻吃蛋飲湯。
- 番茄煮牛肉：
鮮番茄半斤，洗淨切塊。牛肉3兩，切成薄片少許油鹽調味同煮。
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