《牧者的七堂課》
楊旭平
一、內容簡介
當作者之一的威廉‧潘塔克還是一個菜鳥記者時，採訪了曾擔任通用科技公司（General Technologies）執行長達17年之久的成功企業家西奧多‧麥克布萊德（Theodore McBride），想探詢他管理5000名員工的成功之道，沒想到透過他們長時間的訪談，麥克布萊德娓娓道出一段45年前師生間的傳承故事。
原來當麥克布萊德還是個MBA學生時，就在即將畢業，進入通用科技公司擔任部門經理之前，因擔心自己不能勝任管理的職務，故前去請教教授管理課程的老師──傑克‧諾伊曼博士，卻意外地獲得諾伊曼老師在牧場上額外教授的七堂課。
諾伊曼博士透過田野教學方式，以最淺顯的觀念、簡明的譬喻及沒有壓力的對話方式，傳授他流傳千百年的七個偉大的管理要訣—-「牧者的管理智慧」—-由先人智慧導引出的成為偉大領導者的祕訣。
而這七堂課使得麥克布萊德一生受用不盡，成為全美令人尊崇的企業家。麥克布萊德口述了恩師傳承下來的這七個偉大的管理經驗，藉由潘塔克的編輯成書—-《牧者的七堂課》。麥克布萊德希望讀者可將牧者的七個管理智慧融入工作與生活中，讓讀者可以試著去改變自己的人生。
本書共分七章，每一章都是一堂課，從第一章＜瞭解自己的羊群＞，一直到最末章＜牧者之心＞，諾伊曼博士循序漸進將牧者的智慧一一道來，經由牧羊的經驗—-關懷、引導等，簡單而清晰地傳遞出成功的領導精義。
由於，管理的精髓，在於以簡馭繁。因此，作者也將牧者的領導經驗，歸納出七項簡明的有效領導心法：
一、要瞭解近況：瞭解自己的羊群
Know the Condition of Your Flock
1．瞭解工作，也要瞭解自己的部屬（才能、夢想、挫折等）。
2．瞭解你的部屬，一次一位。
3．經常和你的部屬交流。
4．睜亮眼睛，豎直耳朵，多多發問，要後續追蹤。
二、能認識特質：發現你羊群的特點
Discover the Shape of Your Sheep
1．不同的羊，會影響羊群管理的容易與否。
2．挑選健康的羊，否則就會承接別人的問題。
3．瞭解你羊的SHAPE﹕
長處（Strengths）—-本領
用心（Heart）———熱情
態度（Attitude）——正向
個性（Personality）–適性
經驗（Experiences）-
三、建立歸屬感：幫助你的羊認同你
Help Your Sheep Identify with You
1．率先表現出你的誠信、正直和包容，以贏得跟隨者的信任。
2．訂出高的績效標準。
3．不懈地傳遞你的價值觀和任務感。
4．為屬下描繪出努力的宗旨，告訴他們在其中的角色。
5．別忘了，偉大的領導不只是專業能力，還得帶著情感。
四、賦與安全感：把你的草場弄安全
Make Your Pasture a Safe Place
1．讓屬下充分獲得訊息。
2．強調每個位置的重要性。
3．揪出團隊中經常的煽動者
4．定期輪換部屬到新的位置。
5．務必經常在屬下面前露面。
6．別讓問題有時間惡化。
五、 指引方向的牧杖：The Staff of Direction
1．知道你的方向，在前面帶路，讓團隊跟著你走。
2．指導下屬時，要採說服方式，不可強制。
3．給屬下發揮的空間，但要讓他們知道界限所在，而允許他們在這範圍內自由發揮。
4．當屬下出了麻煩，要伸出援手，把他拉出來。
5．提醒屬下失敗是不會致命的。
六、 用來糾正的牧棒： The Rod of Correction
1．保護：居間為屬下據理力爭。
2．糾正：把教訓當成是教育的機會。
3．檢視：經常探詢屬下工作的進展。
七、 抱持牧者心： The Heart of the Shepherd
1．偉大的領導是一種生活方式，而非技巧。
2．你每天都必須決定誰將為你的領導付出代價
—-是你或你的部屬。
3．最重要的是，對你的羊群要用心。
二、本書讀後心得
「牧者的管理智慧」這一套「生活化」的領導方式，始於古代，且曾經幫助帝王統治他的子民。例如古代統治者，即被稱為人民的牧者。
由於人民與羊具有不少的相似性，如：
人有很強的群體性，需要歸屬感，這跟羊很相似；
此外羊群有互牴的習性，就如同常會出現在人群中的互鬥現象；
再者羊有一種只看眼前草地的習性，就如同人們經常埋首於工作裡，直到一天結束才把頭抬起來等……。
因此，即使在現代的企業組織中，用羊群來比喻組織，也相當的適切且簡明。
本書作者將牧羊人幾千年來的智慧，藉由牧者牧羊的過程與譬喻，融入現今的管理學，簡單的道理，卻蘊含了深刻的體會。藉由牧者和羊之間的相處，點出人與人間的關係和互動，教導經理人管理部屬的方法。
基本上，本書從人性關懷的角度出發，透過歸納出的七項領導要訣，深入淺出地揭示成功領導的哲學，引導讀者掌握領導統禦的心法。
藉此，作者教導你，要衷心關懷、瞭解你的部屬﹔將部屬放在確實能反映他們SHAPE的職位上，他們將能發揮潛力、創造績效、感受成就﹔而你只要表裡如一，有著正直、誠信、包容等生活態度，你就會贏得羊群認同與跟隨，給予團隊歸屬感，並引導部屬明瞭團隊存在的偉大價值，及成為大家共同努力的方向﹔而牧者的走動式管理，可安撫羊群不安的心，並在問題惡化前找到解決方法﹔定期輪調則可避免羊群因為重複性的事務而怠惰，並防止為卡位而互牴﹔牧者的責任是將羊群聚在一起，並帶領羊群去更嫩綠的草地，羊群跟隨牧杖是出於信賴﹔有時，牧者需要揮舞牧棒，以保護羊群不被獵食，且當有某隻羊做出危及自己及羊群安全時，牧者也會使用牧棒教訓牠﹔當個牧者需要付出代價，必須對你的羊群用心投入………
所以，偉大的領導是一種生活方式，而非技巧。
此外，在本書第五章—-指引方向的「牧杖」中，作者希望用說服取代命令，因為唯有讓屬下真正明白事情的重要，他們才會真正用心在事務上面，並且樂於為領導者工作。
而第六章—-用來糾正的「牧棒」中，作者強調責備部屬所用的方法也很重要，因為沒有人喜歡受到責難，只要一不小心，可能會失去組織的向心力，這比業務上的錯誤還要嚴重，所以領導人必須取得深厚的信任，才能去糾正別人。
當我讀完這七堂課的內容時，我相信這流傳千百年之久的牧者智慧，不僅可應用於職場，甚至可延伸至家庭或任何團體的種種人際關係互動與經營，讓我領悟到管理的藝術，事實上與每個人成長過程中，對生命意義的經營，是息息相通。
誠如《一分鐘經理人》作者 肯恩‧布蘭查（Ken Blanchard）所言﹕「這本書充分地展現領導者應該如何善待其部屬，研讀此書得以習其真理，用其智慧。」
因此，本書不僅是一本符合時代潮流的管理書籍，更是幫助心靈成長的勵志佳作，值得大家細細品味，希望新的一年來到時，你也能成為開心的牧羊人。
三、「帝王學」的聯想
「帝王學」是指少數人統治多數人的智慧工具，而《牧者的七堂課》這本書即帶有「現代帝王學」的味道，亦即是將傳統帝王學運用到現代的領導統御﹑經營管理方面。
提到中國帝王學，一般人常會聯想到的著作：例如日本人奉為至寶的《貞觀政要》、《韓非子》等。
中國《帝王學》最早成書于唐朝開元四年(西元716年)，原書其十卷，現存九卷六十四篇。該書集儒家、道家、法家、兵家、雜家和陰陽家思想之大成，以謀略為經、歷史為緯，包括國家興亡、權變謀略、舉薦賢能、人間善惡四大部分內容，同時又以權謀政治和知人善任兩個重點為論述核心，是一部千古難得的謀略全書。
又《貞觀政要》大約寫於開元十八、九年間，為的是要讓唐玄宗發揚太宗勵精圖治的治國精神。《貞觀政要》是本實用的帝王教科書，不是一般的領袖嘉言錄。唐玄宗是歷史上第一位從《貞觀政要》獲得帝王學真傳的皇帝，此後，歷代帝王將相以及講求經世致用的知識分子，幾乎沒有不讀《貞觀政要》的。唐玄宗果然不負所望，繼太宗「貞觀之治」之後，又出現了「開元之治」的盛世。
我們可以回想中國歷史，為什麼秦朝、隋朝傳至二世即亡國？
而為什麼漢朝、唐朝能擁有天下數百年？
同樣是少數民族入主中原，為什麼元朝短命、而清朝長壽？
原因是：前者行霸道，後者行王道。霸道得天下，瞬間即失；王道得天下，四海皆服。中華傳統文化中的“王道”，乃古代傑出帝王所體現的管理最高境界：以人為本，以德服人。
事實上，假如我們溯本歸源的話，在中華傳統文化中，帝王學中的「帝」就相當於「地」—生養萬物的意思，「王」就相當於「往」—使民歸往的意思，所以「帝王學」就是一種經營人間良好生養環境、使萬民歸往的學問。
在古代，當社會型態正從遊牧走向農耕的時候，人們對土地的依賴日重(土地可供種植榖糧，是人們賴以維生的主要憑藉)，就形成許許多多的聚落，有生產力的壯丁就成為搶手貨，部落主間起初多是運用盜、搶、騙的方式來互相爭奪人力資源，嗣後經過反省，才漸漸揚棄這種暴力的爭奪，發展出較柔性的競爭「人力資源」方式，帝王學乃因此才一步步成型。
所以，中國帝王學的發展，是經歷四大階段的演進而來：
第一階段：原始帝王學階段。
這時候的帝王是靠著個人為民興利除害的英雄事蹟，來爭取民心歸向的，例如共工之為王，是靠著為人民解決水患而獲得天下人民擁戴的(當時洪水為患)，黃帝為王，是靠著為人民燒山林、砍叢木、焚沼蟲去瘴氣、驅逐猛獸，使人民生命住居獲得安全，而贏取天下民心。
第二階段：正統帝王學階段。
這個階段的時間大約從堯、舜開始，使用教化之術爭取民心起，迄戰國止。
正統帝王學主要是以文化的方法(文者，紋也，美善之意，化者，調理化成也)，調理良好生養環境，施仁義、行教化，來爭取民心歸附的。周文武、周公、孔子等原始儒家的思想，就是主幹。
第三階段：專制帝王階段。
這個階段時期大約從秦、漢天下一統以後，迄民國實施民主憲政時期為止。
這時期的帝王學本質上已與先秦時的帝王學有所不同，它的本質已由原先目的在爭取民心歸附，變成目的在宰製人民了。之所以有這麼大的轉變，主要是先秦的社會未經統一，列國各自分立，人民要歸附那一國，選擇權在人民。致使春秋戰國時期各國人才交流十分普遍，也使得各國君主為留才、吸才都得費盡心思。但是自從秦漢天下一統之後，形勢逆轉，普天之下莫非王土，人民已豪無選擇，只有當皇朝子民的份，君王對人民的關心，已不再是爭取來歸附，而是不要造反。
這時期的帝王學還有一個特色，那就是規範論之帝王學的逐漸產生。由於君王權力太大，為加以制衡，由知識分子領軍，想建立一套帝王守則，防止君王濫用權力，董仲舒的陰陽五行學說即適例。
第四階段：世俗化的帝王學階段。
這個階段的帝王學由於受到民主社會的自由思潮衝擊，觀念上產生大幅的變化，最明顯的是已轉身進入企業界，成為一種指導企業主如何經營企業的高階企業管理學。像戰後日本業界鑽研中國的帝王學盛行即是一例。
所以，當今的管理者如何將一流的人才吸引到自己麾下？
如何才能心知、肚明、眼亮不被蒙蔽？
如何才能當機立斷、借勢開創千秋基業？
答案是：學管理王道，用王道管理。
微信
留言列表（801条）
Your style is so unique in comparison to other people I’ve read stuff from. Thank you for posting when you’ve got the opportunity, Guess I will just bookmark this site.
103418 570850Wohh just what I was searching for, appreciate it for putting up. 978449
Some tips i have continually told people is that when you are evaluating a good on-line electronics retail store, there are a few factors that you have to think about. First and foremost, you need to make sure to choose a reputable along with reliable store that has gotten great critiques and ratings from other customers and industry professionals. This will make sure that you are getting through with a well-known store that gives good assistance and assistance to its patrons. Thanks for sharing your notions on this web site.
I really like your blog.. very nice colors & theme. Did you create this website yourself or did you hire someone to do it for you? Plz respond as I’m looking to construct my own blog and would like to know where u got this from. thanks a lot
Hello! I could have sworn I’ve been to this blog before but after browsing through a few of the posts I realized it’s new to me. Regardless, I’m certainly delighted I discovered it and I’ll be bookmarking it and checking back frequently!
Spot on with this write-up, I absolutely believe this website needs far more attention. I’ll probably be back again to read more, thanks for the info!
Its like you read my mind! You seem to know so much approximately this, like you wrote the e-book in it or something. I feel that you could do with some p.c. to drive the message house a bit, however other than that, this is great blog. An excellent read. I’ll definitely be back.
Currently it seems like Movable Type is the top blogging platform out there right now. (from what I’ve read) Is that what you’re using on your blog?
Hi there, i read your blog occasionally and i own a similar one and i was just wondering if you get a lot of spam comments? If so how do you stop it, any plugin or anything you can advise? I get so much lately it’s driving me insane so any assistance is very much appreciated.
I visit each day some sites and websites to read articles, but this website gives quality based articles.
Your style is very unique compared to other people I have read stuff from. Thanks for posting when you have the opportunity, Guess I will just bookmark this site.
This website truly has all of the information I wanted about this subject and didn’t know who to ask.
Having read this I thought it was extremely informative. I appreciate you taking the time and effort to put this informative article together. I once again find myself spending way too much time both reading and commenting. But so what, it was still worth it!
I feel this is one of the such a lot important information for me. And i’m glad reading your article. However wanna statement on few basic things, The site taste is ideal, the articles is in point of fact nice : D. Just right task, cheers
Thank you for some other informative blog. Where else may just I am getting that kind of info written in such a perfect way? I have a challenge that I am simply now operating on, and I have been at the glance out for such information.
Hey there, You have done an excellent job. I will definitely digg it and personally recommend to my friends. I am sure they will be benefited from this web site.
I’m not sure where you are getting your info, but good topic. I needs to spend some time learning more or understanding more. Thanks for wonderful information I was looking for this information for my mission.
Sweet blog! I found it while browsing on Yahoo News. Do you have any tips on how to get listed in Yahoo News? I’ve been trying for a while but I never seem to get there! Appreciate it
Please let me know if you’re looking for a author for your site. You have some really great posts and I think I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d really like to write some material for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine. Please send me an e-mail if interested. Cheers!
hey there and thank you for your information I’ve definitely picked up anything new from right here. I did however expertise a few technical issues using this site, since I experienced to reload the site a lot of times previous to I could get it to load properly. I had been wondering if your web hosting is OK? Not that I am complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will often affect your placement in google and can damage your high quality score if advertising and marketing with Adwords. Anyway I’m adding this RSS to my e-mail and can look out for a lot more of your respective fascinating content. Make sure you update this again soon.
Hello there! I know this is kinda off topic however I’d figured I’d ask. Would you be interested in exchanging links or maybe guest writing a blog article or vice-versa? My site discusses a lot of the same subjects as yours and I feel we could greatly benefit from each other. If you are interested feel free to send me an e-mail. I look forward to hearing from you! Superb blog by the way!
I would like to thnkx for the efforts you’ve put in writing this website. I am hoping the same high-grade web site post from you in the upcoming also. In fact your creative writing abilities has encouraged me to get my own blog now. Really the blogging is spreading its wings quickly. Your write up is a great example of it.
You should take part in a contest for one of the highest quality sites online. I will highly recommend this blog!
Hi just wanted to give you a quick heads up and let you know a few of the images aren’t loading correctly. I’m not sure why but I think its a linking issue. I’ve tried it in two different internet browsers and both show the same results.
Oh my goodness! Impressive article dude! Thank you, However I am experiencing issues with your RSS. I don’t understand the reason why I cannot subscribe to it. Is there anyone else having identical RSS problems? Anyone who knows the solution will you kindly respond? Thanks!!
Hey! I just wanted to ask if you ever have any problems with hackers? My last blog (wordpress) was hacked and I ended up losing a few months of hard work due to no backup. Do you have any methods to protect against hackers?
Hi, I do think this is an excellent blog. I stumbledupon it 😉 I may return once again since I bookmarked it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to guide others.
I have noticed that in digital camera models, special devices help to {focus|concentrate|maintain focus|target|a**** automatically. The particular sensors associated with some cameras change in contrast, while others start using a beam associated with infra-red (IR) light, particularly in low light. Higher standards cameras often use a blend of both methods and probably have Face Priority AF where the digital camera can ‘See’ some sort of face and focus only upon that. Thanks for sharing your thinking on this web site.
I couldn’t resist commenting. Perfectly written.
This is a fantastic site, would you be interested in doing an interview about how you developed it? If so e-mail me!
In these days of austerity plus relative panic about incurring debt, some people balk against the idea of having a credit card in order to make purchase of merchandise as well as pay for any gift giving occasion, preferring, instead only to rely on this tried and trusted technique of making transaction – hard cash. However, if you possess the cash there to make the purchase in whole, then, paradoxically, that is the best time to use the credit cards for several reasons.
Hey, I think your website might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your blog in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, awesome blog!
Great web site you’ve got here.. It’s difficult to find high-quality writing like yours nowadays. I seriously appreciate individuals like you! Take care!!
Thanks for your handy post. Over time, I have come to understand that the symptoms of mesothelioma cancer are caused by the actual build up of fluid involving the lining of your lung and the chest muscles cavity. The disease may start inside the chest area and spread to other areas of the body. Other symptoms of pleural mesothelioma include weight loss, severe inhaling and exhaling trouble, fever, difficulty swallowing, and swelling of the neck and face areas. It really should be noted that some people living with the disease usually do not experience every serious signs at all.
naturally like your web site but you have to test the spelling on quite a few of your posts. A number of them are rife with spelling problems and I to find it very troublesome to inform the truth however I will surely come back again.
Aw, this was a really nice post. Spending some time and actual effort to create a superb article… but what can I say… I procrastinate a whole lot and never seem to get anything done.
Very good blog post. I absolutely appreciate this website. Keep writing!
I take pleasure in, lead to I discovered just what I was having a look for. You have ended my 4 day lengthy hunt! God Bless you man. Have a nice day. Bye
What i don’t realize is actually how you’re not really much more well-liked than you may be right now. You’re very intelligent. You realize therefore significantly relating to this subject, made me personally consider it from numerous varied angles. Its like men and women aren’t fascinated unless it is one thing to do with Lady gaga! Your own stuffs great. Always maintain it up!
Thank you for sharing indeed great looking !
Wonderful article! We are linking to this great post on our site. Keep up the great writing.
Hi, I do believe this is an excellent blog. I stumbledupon it 😉 I may revisit once again since I book marked it. Money and freedom is the greatest way to change, may you be rich and continue to guide others.
Hello my friend! I want to say that this post is amazing, nice written and include almost all vital infos. I’d like to see more posts like this.
FitSpresso is a natural weight loss supplement that will help you maintain healthy body weight without having to deprive your body of your favorite food or take up exhausting workout routines.
This is the precise blog for anyone who wants to search out out about this topic. You understand a lot its virtually onerous to argue with you (not that I really would want?HaHa). You undoubtedly put a brand new spin on a subject thats been written about for years. Nice stuff, simply great!
This article is a refreshing change! The author’s distinctive perspective and thoughtful analysis have made this a truly fascinating read. I’m thankful for the effort she has put into producing such an enlightening and mind-stimulating piece. Thank you, author, for sharing your wisdom and stimulating meaningful discussions through your exceptional writing!
308351 325929Magnificent beat ! I would like to apprentice whilst you amend your web site, how could i subscribe for a weblog internet site? The account helped me a appropriate deal. I had been a little bit acquainted of this your broadcast provided brilliant transparent thought 765611
Fabulous, what a website it is! This website provides useful information to us, keep it up.
Hi, I log on to your blogs daily. Your story-telling style is awesome, keep up the good work!
I was very pleased to find this web-site.I wanted to thanks for your time for this wonderful read!! I definitely enjoying every little bit of it and I have you bookmarked to check out new stuff you blog post.