黑木耳的食療
楊惟婷整理
黑木耳是中國人普遍的食用菌種之一。
一、黑木耳是低熱量但含有豐富食用纖維及維生素
黑木耳為一低熱量但含有豐富食用纖維及維生素與多種酵素之高價值產品，是女性和一般民眾補充鈣、鐵等營養素的最佳選擇。
黑木耳蛋白質含量是米、麵、蔬菜等所無以比擬的，其維生素B2的含量是米、麵和大白菜的十倍，比豬、牛、羊肉高3-5倍，鐵質比肉類高! 100倍、鈣的含量是肉類的30-70倍。每百克新鮮子實體內含有維生 素C達200毫克，常食用有利於人體的健康。
另黑木耳含鐵量極高，是豬肝的5倍，為天然的補血佳品，適宜女性常吃，能養血駐顏烏髮、防治缺鐵性貧血。
二、黑木耳所含膠質具有極強的吸附作用
人隨著年齡的增長，皮膚內膠質(膠原蛋白)會漸漸流失，然後皮膚漸漸鬆弛，失去彈性。至於如何補充膠質(膠原蛋白)，用擦的是沒用的，因為膠原蛋白是大分子，用擦的只能到表皮層增加皮膚保濕度，無法補充到真皮層失去彈性的肌膚。
其實『膠質』和『骨質』在人體內就好比房子的『水泥』和『磚塊』，通常一些老化現象都是膠質缺乏才會引發。
所以，要用吃的補充膠質(膠原蛋白)像是豬腳、雞腳、牛筋、白木耳、燕窩都是富含膠質的食物，如果以現在女性在乎身材為前題，白木耳絕對是補充膠質的最佳食物首選。白木耳富含的植物膠質絕不輸燕窩，之前是聽人家說：『有錢人吃燕窩，沒錢人吃白木耳』。
而比起有「植物性燕窩」之稱的白木耳來說，黑木耳的營養價值更高，既能達到飲食控制目標，又能補充多種營養素。尤其黑木耳中所含膠質具有極強的吸附作用，可以把殘留在人體消化系統內的雜質吸附集中起來排出體外，可以說是身體清道夫。
從營養上來說，黑木耳更勝一籌，黑木耳對於中老年人有特別的好處，其中含有的磷脂類化合物，可以幫助延緩記憶力減退及減少老年痴呆症的發生﹔豐富的纖維素能促進胃腸蠕動，減少食物中脂肪的吸收，起到防止肥胖和減肥作用，對冠心病、動脈硬化、心腦血管病頗為有益。
由於黑木耳營養豐富、滋味鮮美、片大肉厚，故被人譽為“素中之葷”和“素中之王” 。
三、黑木耳抗血栓、抗癌
隨著年齡的增長，血管內壁不再光滑如初，出現一些血栓斑塊在所難免。這是一種正常的退行性病變表現。然而，恰恰是這些栓塊，一旦破損脫落，會造成腦梗、心梗，給人的生命安全造成很大威脅。
這個時候，除了遵醫囑服藥外，還應該多吃一樣食品。它就是號稱“天然阿司匹林”——黑木耳。因現代醫學研究發現黑木耳和阿斯匹林兩者的作用效果相近，有阻止血液中的膽固醇在血管上凝結，防止心腦血管疾病以及動脈硬化症，又沒有副作用，是天然的預防保健食品及中藥材。
黑木耳作為藥用，有滋潤強壯、清肺益氣、補血活血、鎮靜止痛、防止高血壓、動脈硬化、抗凝血及潤燥、利腸、改善便秘等功效。所以，不但黑木耳可供做食物，也可當作醫藥，有醫食同功之妙。
最近幾年的科學研究，更發現黑木耳子實體中所含的約50﹪非澱粉類多醣體與不易消性的食用纖維(纖維素、半纖維素及果膠等)及白木耳所含的胞內與胞外多醣體，亦在抗癌及降血膽固醇方便，倍受關注。
四、黑木耳主要八項功效
黑木耳主要八項功效如下﹕
- 活血、防止血管硬化，促進血液循環。
- 治外傷引起的疼痛，血脈不通，神經麻 木、手足抽搐。
- 促進排便，改善痔漏、便血，痔瘡及靜脈曲張。
- 治寒濕性腰腿疼痛。
- 子宮出血及閉經等婦科疾病。
- 改善貧血，骨質疏鬆。
- 降血脂，對心腦血管疾患有很大助益。
- 減重減肥。
五、食用注意事項
攝取黑木耳的保健食品，不如把黑木耳當菜吃，如此才能吃到黑木耳完整的營養。
但是要注意：
1、黑木耳經過高溫烹煮後，才能提高膳食纖維及黑木耳多糖的溶解度，有助於吸收利用，所以黑木耳一定要煮熟。不要泡水發起後就直接食用。
2、出血性中風患者由於凝血功能較差，要慎食。
3、如有凝血問題者，手術前後、拔牙前後、女性月經期間，避免大量吃黑木耳，咯血、便血、鼻出血等患者也不宜食用。
4、黑木耳也不適合腹瀉體質者過多服用。
附錄、如何煮白木耳：
1.去超市買盒裝 “黃”木耳(千萬不要買純白木耳 ,因為純白木耳煮不爛)。
2.拿1片去泡冷水泡軟(可先去除底部較黃部份)約30分鐘。
3.倒掉前兩次泡黃木耳的水,因為有些腥味。
4.然後將黃木耳加水放進果汁機打爛。
5.再將打爛的黃木耳放進鍋裡煮約一個小時。(水加多少自己斟酌)
6.如何調味也看個人需要。(加龍眼乾紅棗，加蓮子糖水，單加糖水，加蜂蜜或冰糖!)
一星期煮1片約可吃五天。一天吃一碗，照上面方法，用果汁機打爛黃木耳去煮，會發現：吃起來根本跟外面賣的即食燕窩一模一樣。所以愛美的人，愛美不假手他人，自己來煮白木耳養顏吧!
白木耳是一種營養豐富的滋補品，被譽為[菌中之冠]，有滋陰補腎，潤肺生津，強心健腦，提神補氣等功能，對陰虛火旺不受參茸等溫熱滋補的病人是一種良好的補品。因其含有天然特性膠質，加上它的滋陰作用，女性長期服用可以潤膚，並有祛除臉部黃褐斑、雀斑的功效。
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