冬季濕疹
楊惟婷整理
冬天寒流來襲，有時會特地買個薑母鴨等補品進個補，再泡熱水澡驅寒，睡覺時又蓋上厚棉被以免受涼。不料，到半夜突然全身癢個不停，睡夢中亂抓一通、輾轉難眠。
早上醒來就變成臉頰、頸部和手腳等多處紅腫這副模樣，嚇得不敢出門。這就是許多人寒冬的惡夢──冬季濕疹。
冬季濕疹，就是一般所謂的冬季癢，主要發生在冬季氣溫濕度皆低的季節。此時，人體水分容易散失，同時表皮皮脂減少分泌，加上天冷溫度低，睡覺時總會蓋上厚棉被，洗澡泡熱水，更加速皮脂與水分散失。
中醫師施丞修指出，尤其對老人及即將進入更年期女性等血液循環較差的人而言，氣候寒冷會使血管更加收縮，血液無法及時補充皮表所需養分與水分，導致皮表往往出現乾裂發癢的現象。一旦奇癢難忍、愈抓愈癢，反而將皮膚抓成潮紅腫脹，冒出透明小丘疹、小水泡，甚至頂端潰破流膿、日漸脫屑、皮層增厚結痂，反覆發作，可謂痛苦至極。
臨床顯示，冬季濕疹的成因大約分先天及後天二種。
先天來自遺傳，患者受遺傳影響皆有高度過敏體質，對過敏原極易產生過敏反應，大都伴有氣喘、鼻子過敏等問題。
而後天有來自於腸胃異常、精神壓力、失眠熬夜、感染、代謝失常及循環障礙等6種因素。
腸胃異常主要原因為飲食不當，腸胃過度吸收過敏原，產生異位性蛋白，或身體缺乏維生素C、D、E，造成皮膚容易過敏。
其次，日常生活累積的精神壓力會導致神經內分泌失常，使得皮膚表面新陳代謝過度亢進，容易成為濕疹發生的溫床。
再者，工作學業忙碌導致失眠熬夜，會使身體器官經常處於疲勞狀態，身體免疫力下降，易對過敏原發生過敏情形。
由於抵抗力差，患者也易受細菌黴菌感染侵襲，身體黏膜系統容易出現發炎狀況，合併扁桃腺發炎、口角炎、鼻竇炎、膀胱發炎等等。
此外，身體代謝失常導致糖尿病和痛風的患者，相對上也容易有濕疹的情形發生。對於有循環障礙問題的民眾，例如下肢靜脈曲張，也需注意濕疹的干擾。
令人擔憂的是，許多人罹患冬季濕疹，往往自認體質虛，就自行買補品進補，狂吃薑母鴨羊肉爐，沒想到愈補，身體愈虛。即使塗抹止癢藥膏，久久也不見起色。事實上，應先就體質改善、代謝過敏原、促進血液循環、潤膚修復才是標本兼治的方法。惟有皮膚不乾、不癢、不起疹粒、不發炎，才能擺脫乾癢、搔抓、的惡性循環。
針對冬季濕疹、皮膚乾癢，依據患者體質的不同，施丞修中醫師提出以下建議。1. 若冬天夏天都怕冷，屬腎陽虛，宜服用溫陽藥調理體質，如附子、乾薑、茯苓。
2. 若只有冬季怕冷，屬惡寒、表陽虛，可服用麻黃、桂枝、生薑、荊芥、防風來調養。
3. 若身體耐寒不怕冷，天氣變冷則濕疹發作，屬內熱外寒，中醫師建議適當服用桑白皮、地骨皮、生地、黃芩及黃連改善體質。
4. 若冬季容易皮膚乾裂出血，屬陰虛燥癢，則可服用當歸、川芎、百合、二地、二冬、桃仁、紅花來調理。
另外，女性和老人，更應避免過度泡澡，或盲目服用補品，不但無助身體健康，更為濕疹製造發生機會，得不償失。
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