咖啡的健康學問
楊惟婷
除了石油以外，世界上最古老、交易量最大的商品，就要算咖啡了。目前全球大約有10億人，每天早上第一件事就是喝杯咖啡，以此開始他們新的一天；據國際咖啡組織統計，全球每年消耗的咖啡是4000億杯；每秒鐘，世界上就有1.4萬杯咖啡被喝掉，咖啡已成為僅次於水的世界第二大飲品。
芬蘭人當數世界上最愛喝咖啡的人，2008年的人均咖啡消耗量是12公斤；即使在亞洲一些茶文化國家，咖啡也越來越受歡迎，日本已取代德國成為世界第二大咖啡消費國；在美國，一半以上的人每天都喝咖啡，近九成人早餐必定要搭配咖啡。
在西方國家，清晨大街上隨處可以看到人人手握一杯咖啡、匆匆急走在上班的路上。在西方，「喝杯咖啡」已是日常生活的一部份；在台灣，特別是最近這幾年，「一起喝杯咖啡」也已經成為現在很流行的社交方式。
可是，您知道嗎？在享受一杯美味咖啡的同時，它對您的健康也有意想不到的助益呢！你不妨也留意一下，「喝咖啡」所具有的健康學問。
您知道您每天所飲用的咖啡，究竟對您身體有何健康助益嗎？
據現在的醫學研究指出，咖啡豆裡含有蛋白質、醣類、脂肪、菸鹼酸、鉀、粗纖維以及水分的營養成分，所泡出的咖啡液中還有咖啡因、單寧酸以及生物鹼等這些有益人體健康的成分，雖然含有這麼多的營養成分，但咖啡卻是被人類飲用最久，卻又誤解最多的飲品。
一般的民眾都認為咖啡少喝為妙，因為會影響身體的健康。例如，很多人一提起“咖啡因”就如臨大敵，“喝咖啡導致鈣流失，容易患上骨質疏鬆症”的報道，也讓我們毫不猶疑地把它扔進“壞飲料”的行列。
但是，根據許多最新的研究報告顯示，在許多方面，咖啡並沒有過去大家想像中，對健康有極大的危害，反而，咖啡中許多成分都對身體有很大的益處，這些研究漸漸推翻人們對於咖啡的誤解。
根據這些研究，目前喝咖啡對於人體有益的共有下列幾項：
1、富含各種營養成分
其實咖啡共含有五百多種化學物，咖啡因只是其中之一。咖啡科學信息學會的創辦人之一艾尼斯多•伊利指出，過去人們對咖啡有很多誤解，近十幾年來，才將咖啡作為一種健康飲品。人們越來越多地發現，咖啡中不僅含有咖啡因，還富含蛋白質、脂肪、煙鹼酸、單寧酸、生物鹼、鉀、膳食纖維…等各種營養成分。
2、提神醒腦的作用
相信許多民眾都將咖啡當作是一種提神飲料，這是因為咖啡中所含的咖啡因會刺激腦部的中樞神經系統，延長腦部清醒的時間，會使整體的思路更加清晰、敏銳，並增進注意力與記憶力。對於一些需要長時間注意力集中的工作，咖啡可以說是再好也不過的最佳飲品。
3、保護心臟的作用
咖啡因能使通往心臟的動脈擴張，增加血液流量；它只要適當和有規律地喝，咖啡保護心臟的作用要強於葡萄酒。
心血管內科專家告訴記者，咖啡因能改善左心室的收縮功能和冠狀動脈的血液流量，因此適量喝咖啡可以保護心臟，減少心血管疾病的發生。
對於那些擔心心率加快的人，建議每天1—2杯為宜，老年人最好1杯。不要太濃，盡量少加糖或不加糖。
4、抗氧化的作用
自由基是目前研究，發現造成心肌病變、中風、巴金森氏症的主要原因，自由基一旦過多，會使身體代謝受到影響，會進而破壞細胞，使的組織器官受傷。
咖啡裡含有豐富的咖啡因、咖啡酸、綠原酸等養分，可以有效的對抗自由基，進而達到抗氧化的功效。
5、防癌、抗癌作用
因此，咖啡亦有防癌、抗癌作用。腫瘤醫院營養科專家推薦，咖啡中蘊含的多酚類物質是一種強抗氧化劑。每天喝點咖啡，無論是預防癌症，還是對癌症的治療都有一定效果。
6、利尿的作用
咖啡具利尿作用，可提高排尿量，因而使上廁所次數增加。
7、通便的作用
咖啡中可溶性膳食纖維的含量比橙汁都高，咖啡因還能刺激腸胃激素或蠕動激素，加快蠕動，產生通便作用。
除可改善便秘，同時可降低患腸癌或直腸癌的機率。
8、促進消化
消化科醫師說，咖啡因會刺激交感神經，提高胃液分泌 ，如果在飯後適量飲用，有助消化。尤其愛吃肉的人最好飯後喝杯咖啡，有很好的解油膩、助消化作用。
9、降低得膽結石的機會
最新來自哈佛大學公共衛生學院的一項研究指出，每天喝2 －3杯咖啡比從不喝的人，平均得到膽結石的機會小40﹪。
10、保護肝臟
咖啡富含的多酚類物質對肝臟也有保護作用。專家建議肝炎患者每天喝點咖啡，對肝細胞的修復很有好處。
日本專家則發現，咖啡除了養肝，還能解酒，其中的綠原酸可避免酒精中毒。
11、預防2型糖尿病
眾多研究顯示，在喝咖啡的人中，2型糖尿病的發生率較低，是因為咖啡中的某種物質可減少腸道中的葡萄糖吸收率，改變葡萄糖吸收的部位。
12、控制體重
咖啡因能提高人體消耗熱量的速率，一項研究現100毫克的咖啡因（約１杯咖啡），可加速脂肪分解，能使人體的新陳代謝率，增加百分之三至四，增加熱能的消耗，適量喝有減重效果。
13、恢復肌肉疲勞
咖啡亦是運動伴侶。美國喬治亞大學的研究顯示，運動後喝兩杯咖啡，有助於緩解肌肉酸痛症狀。
14、止痛作用
最近的研究更指出，咖啡因本身具有以前未曾發現的止痛作用，根據醫學報導，可以用在產後疼痛，甚至癌症引起的疼痛。
另外，咖啡因做為一個藥品時，可以加強某些止痛劑的效果。也能幫助頭部的動脈收縮，有助於紓解偏頭痛（ YaHui）。
15、抗憂鬱的作用
規律飲用咖啡的人，飲用後會覺得愉快、煩躁感少了，心境得到改善。心血管內科專家指出，煩躁或情緒低落時，喝杯咖啡確實能讓心情平靜，抒解憂鬱的傾向。
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