喝咖啡的禁忌
楊惟婷
咖啡的濃純香氣和特殊口味，一直是咖啡盛行於全世界的原因，其魅力足讓許多人迷戀其中；尤其品嚐一杯好的咖啡，更可增添不少生活樂趣。
咖啡之所以被人們譽為神奇的飲料，就是因為咖啡裡所含的咖啡因，咖啡因是興奮劑，可以刺激交感神經系統，從而產生提神和減除疲勞的效用。不過這種效果大量攝取，容易對身體健康有負面影響，所以許多人認為咖啡是一種傷身的飲品。
其實到目前為止，科學上對於咖啡的研究，並沒有找到任何確實證據，證明適量地喝咖啡，對人體健康有害。如要說咖啡因的最大壞處，那就是人吸收咖啡因之後，如果過12到24小時不再吸收咖啡因，就會出現些微倦怠感或不能完全集中精神等現象，這種情況也就是一般人常說的咖啡上癮。
亦也有些研究發現，婦女喝過量咖啡，就會引致骨質流失。
還有些研究結果顯示，血壓偏高的男人，每天連續喝兩、三杯咖啡之後，血壓會顯著增高。
不過，會造成咖啡上癮，也是因為飲用的量過大的關係，許多研究指出，適量的飲用咖啡其實是對身體沒有大礙的。
又如，經過科學實驗證明，血清膽固醇過高並非咖啡因的關係，而是咖啡豆中所含的咖啡豆油所造成，所以，民眾在沖泡咖啡的時候對於浮在咖啡上的油脂要多加注意，如果可以的話盡可能的過濾咖啡液，將咖啡豆油除去，以免影響身體健康。
另外，咖啡液裡頭含有五百多種化學物，民眾不要以為咖啡就只含有咖啡因而已，而且咖啡因也有醫藥上的價值，它能使通往心臟的動脈擴張，增加血液流量；它也能幫助頭部的動脈收縮，有助於紓解偏頭痛的症狀。
所以，我們關心的重點應是，在享用咖啡的同時，有何禁忌值得留意？
為了您的身體健康著想，下次喝咖啡的時候，注意以下這些小叮嚀，您就能夠毫無後顧之憂的享受美味的咖啡喔！
一、不適合喝咖啡的人
基本上咖啡屬於一種刺激性的飲料，所以當您的身體出現了以下的狀況或是疾病的時候，盡量不要喝咖啡，以免造成身體的負擔：
* 發育中的兒童，因腦部尚在發育，因此要少喝含咖啡因的飲料
* 懷孕及哺乳期間婦女，因咖啡因會經由胎盤及乳汁到胎兒及嬰兒
* 老年人，可能會有鈣流失的問題
* 心血管病患者，因發炎指標可能會上升，也要少喝咖啡
* 胃酸過多的人
* 患有胃及十二指腸胃潰瘍者
* 患有腸道過敏症候群者
* 空腹（或飯前）
* 腹瀉者
* 抽煙的人
* 喝酒之後
* 容易失眠的人
* 有精神方面疾病的人
* 正在服用鎮定劑的人
* 限制鉀攝取的腎臟病患
以上這些民眾，都要盡量避免攝取咖啡。
二、喝咖啡要留意的禁忌
◎一天盡量不要攝取到五杯以上。因為咖啡含有咖啡因，喝過量容易上癮。
◎避免空腹喝咖啡。許多人都會在早晨來杯香濃的咖啡，不過在喝咖啡的時候，一定要先吃早餐，避免空腹喝咖啡傷胃。尤其是有十二指腸潰瘍的民眾，絕對要禁止空腹飲用咖啡。
◎盡量不要酒後喝咖啡，以免刺激血管擴張，過度加速血液循環，讓心血管的負擔過大。
◎睡前也不要飲用咖啡，以免失眠。
◎喝完咖啡之後不可以馬上抽煙，許多癮君子喝完咖啡後馬上吞雲吐霧，其實很容易對心臟造成危害。
◎可適量的加入鮮奶。此可以緩和咖啡對胃的刺激，但是若是添加奶精和糖，因為此二者都有熱量，要避免攝取過多反而發胖。
◎服用抗生素和胃潰瘍治療藥物，不可同時喝咖啡，以免刺激胃部，造成疼痛不適。
◎勿喝太濃的咖啡，否則會使人變得急躁且理解力減弱。 (心跳也會加速)
三、咖啡喝多了會中毒嗎?
一般而言，咖啡中咖啡因的含量，因咖啡豆的種類、浸泡時間、研磨顆粒大小、煮的方法、溫度高低…等多種因素而有所差異。
含咖啡因的飲料，每天飲用不宜過量，如果每天攝取咖啡因超過500毫克到1000毫克(1公克)，約每天飲用 150cc滴注式研磨咖啡四杯以上或 300cc馬克杯二杯以上，即會有咖啡因輕度中毒的症狀出現。例如煩燥不安、焦慮、易怒、心悸、噁心感，及尿液增加的利尿作用出現。
如果每天極大量飲用咖啡因，超過5公克到1 0公克，約每天飲用 150cc滴注式研磨咖啡45杯以上或 300 cc馬克杯23杯以上，則可能會引起全身抽搐、昏迷、嚴重腦水腫、低血鉀、或心律不整、心臟麻痺，可能會有死亡的危險。
長期喝含咖啡因的飲料是會成癮的，每天攝取咖啡因越大，則成癮的機率也越大，速度也越快。
咖啡成癮的人一旦不喝咖啡，就會有頭痛、全身疲倦、打呵欠…等戒斷症狀出現。但只要忍耐住，數天不喝即可恢後正常。
長期喝咖啡是否對身體健康會有所傷害？到目前醫學上仍有許多爭論存在。根據最近幾年醫學研究報導發現，長期大量喝咖啡可能會有下列影響：
1、咖啡與懷孕婦女的關係
2004年9月，歐州臨床營養學雜誌研究2 521未懷孕婦女，評估生產體重不足新生兒的危險性，如果懷孕前每天喝四杯以上咖啡者為1.3倍，懷孕第一期及第二期如果每天喝三杯以上者為1.2倍。
而且，美國FDA則建議孕婦最好不要喝咖啡 。
另外，長期大量喝咖啡，婦女可能會有鈣流失的問題。
2、咖啡與心血管疾病的關係
2004年9月，營養學雜誌研究年齡42 到60歲1971人，追縱14年發現，每天喝咖啡超過 814cc 的人，得到缺的性心臟病的危險性較不喝者高1.43倍。
另外，美國臨床營養學雜誌發表，研究每天飲用咖啡超過 200cc以上的男女共3000人，發現喝咖啡者發炎指標包括反應蛋白質Ｃ、 組織壞死因子、及白血球數目等，都較不喝咖啡者呈有意義的升高，且咖啡喝越多，指標上升越高。可能以後得到心血管疾病的風險也越高。喝咖啡急性期會輕度升高血壓的作用，但是長期飲用後作用不明顯。
3、咖啡與癌症的關係
根據2000年8月的歐州癌症綜論雜誌報告，回顧以前醫學的研究，不認為長久喝咖啡會引起胰臟癌、膀胱癌或其他癌症的風險增加，反倒是有研究認為長久喝咖啡，可能減少得到直腸大腸癌的風險。
4、各種飲料的咖啡因含量：
飲料种類 平均咖啡因含量
滴注式研磨咖啡( 150c c) 110毫克
過濾式研磨咖啡( 150c c) 80毫克
即溶式咖啡( 150c c) 65毫克
一個茶包泡一杯150c c) 40-60毫克
可口可樂(一罐350c c) 45毫克
參考資料：長庚紀念醫院腎臟科 – 林杰樑教授
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