祁門紅茶
楊惟婷
如果說紅茶如酒，那麼中國的祁門紅茶就可當之無愧地比作紅酒中最負盛名的波爾多。
【起源 】
祁門紅茶，簡稱祁紅，是我國傳統功夫紅茶的珍品，為中國十大名茶中唯一的紅茶。
說起中國的紅茶，實發端于福建的武夷山正山小種紅茶，據記載，在清同治十年（1871年）由余干臣先生從福建罷官回籍（安徽）後開設茶莊，學會製作紅茶（因見福建紅茶外銷興盛，祁門產茶而綠茶銷售不旺，故勸導鄉民改制紅茶）；為使其與眾不同，便在製作過程中加入一道特殊的發酵程序，讓茶葉在沖泡後散發特殊煙燻香氣和微紅的茶湯色，是一種同時帶有酒香和蘭花香氣的茶。
之前安徽省僅製作綠茶，但紅茶一推出便廣受歡迎，且流傳至英國，並成為英式茶點中最主要的成分，由於香氣獨特，冠於當世，有“茶中英豪”、“群芳最”、“茶中王子” 等美譽，深受當時上流社會包括歐洲皇室的追逐，後來更被視為高貴身分的象徵。
1915年巴拿馬萬國博覽會上，祁門紅茶和貴州茅臺同時獲得博覽會金質獎章，品質受到肯定，譽為世界三大高香名茶之首。
【產區概況】
祁門紅茶原產於安徽省西南黃山支脈區的祁門縣境內，因而得名。
此地區的自然生態環境十分優越，海拔高度為600公尺左右，丘陵密佈、水系縱橫，自古有“八山半水半分田”之說，茶園則一小塊、一小塊地分佈於山谷、坡地、河洲等土地肥沃、易墾易植之地。
此地區大約在海拔100到350公尺的丘陵地帶。由於土壤肥沃，早晚溫差大，加上常年雲霧繚繞，日照時間較短，使得祁門的紅茶有著特殊的芳香氣味，品質最為優異。
茶樹以櫧葉種為多（占81.1%），還有栗漆種、柳葉種等，其中櫧葉種又被稱為祁門種，是國家級珍貴的茶樹種資源。優良的茶樹品種，正是祁門紅茶久盛不衰的根本。
【製造方法】
祁門紅茶嚴謹的採製過程是使其品質優良的主因：
最好的祁門紅茶都是在清明前後，於優質的高山茶園採摘一芽兩葉的嫩蕊為主，芽葉嫩綠而有光澤，且須分次多採；春天的採摘次數約為六到七次，夏天為六次，秋天則不採。
最好的祁門紅茶須經老茶師精心製作，採摘回來後，經萎凋、揉撚、發酵、碳火烘焙，每一個環節都不能出錯。
製成茶葉後再精挑細選，成茶條索細緊、秀長勻淨、遍佈金毫，一兩茶中上千茶蕊一點也不誇張。
【特色 】
祁門紅茶為中國傳統功夫茶著名品目，芽葉柔嫩紅勻而有光澤，條形緊細纖長、鋒苗秀麗、色澤烏潤均一。
沖泡後，茶湯紅豔明亮，略帶果香的芬芳、濃郁而持久，入口滋味鮮醇，讓人欲罷不能！
“俗稱寶光”上品茶更蘊含蘭花的香，清飲最能品味祁紅的雋永香氣，即使添加鮮奶亦不失其香醇。
【祁門紅茶沖泡方式 】
祁門紅茶沖泡後湯色紅豔，國內叫紅茶，國外叫“黑茶”（black tea）。
沖泡祁門紅茶時，最好使用透明玻璃杯或瓷杯，且須以約80℃之熱水沖泡，最能將其特色展現。泡出來茶湯顏色紅亮，在杯子內沿有一圈黃色油潤的物質（俗稱金圈）。入口品嘗則兩腮生香，各種春天的芬芳在口腔中回蕩。
可單獨泡飲，加入牛奶飲用亦不減茶香的祈門紅茶，大受喜愛，且被認為是做下午茶或睡前茶的最優茶種。
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