咖啡鑑賞原則
楊惟婷
喝咖啡可以很隨性，例如可以在純粹的黑咖啡裏，加一點點糖、奶精；也可以歐式一點，像非洲和阿拉伯人那樣在咖啡中加入肉桂等香料；如果不習慣咖啡苦澀味，也可以在咖啡裏加一點喜歡的果汁。
一、四個鑑賞原則
不過，唯有喝一杯原汁原味的黑咖啡，才能夠品嘗到咖啡本身濃郁的風味，才是品嚐咖啡的行家高手。
品味咖啡不僅要喝（三味–酸、甜、苦），還要用聞（香味）的。
雖然咖啡並沒有絕對好壞的判別公式，但是掌握以下四個行家慣用的鑑賞原則，會有助於瞭解咖啡，進而懂得品味咖啡：
1、酸度（Acidity）
咖啡入口後，輕留在舌尖的滋味，酸字看來剌眼，其實咖啡豆的果實原味和新鮮活力，就像葡萄酒一樣，都蘊藏在它的酸味裡，新鮮咖啡散發的酸性，帶著果實的芳香，就像檸檬、葡萄、蘋果等水果中所含的天然果酸，口味愉悅而清新。此酸字，與用來形容過期腐壞咖啡的字眼sour，必須有所區別。
酸味是受生豆的品種和製做方式影響。
就產地標高而言，高地栽種的咖啡會比低地栽種來得酸。
就採收時間而言，剛採收的豆子，比採收後放了一陣子的豆子來得酸；且剛採收的豆子，質良、含水率高，如能適當的熱作用產生適度的酸味，將可使咖啡的味道更佳，讓人覺得更有深度。
就烘焙方式而言，一般烘焙較淺的豆子，酸味較豐富；烘焙程度較深者，酸味較缺乏。
咖啡中，以強烈酸性聞名的是葉門摩卡咖啡。
2、質感濃淡（Body）
啜飲咖啡後，在舌背和口腔徘徊不去的味覺感受，是濃烈、還是清淡？質感醇厚的咖啡，即使咖啡粉濃度不高，仍能帶來強烈的味覺震盪。重口味的咖啡，最適合與牛奶混合演出，突顯它無法掩蓋的道地香醇滋味。
一般來說，墨西哥咖啡口味最清淡，而蘇門答臘（曼特寧）咖啡質感則最烈。
3、香味（Aroma）
彌漫遊走在空氣中的咖啡醇香，從烘焙、研磨、到沖煮，咖啡豆在它漫長旅途中的每一站，都極盡全力釋放氛芳香氣，因此，善用嗅覺，隨著咖啡，一起體驗芳香之旅。
4、風味（Flavor）
串連以上三者，拼湊出咖啡的印象，有的咖啡風味多樣，酸、甜、苦三味面面俱到，有的則酸味極度泛濫，完全佔領嗅覺和味覺，也有人習慣用感覺來主宰判斷，咖啡是否有自己的風格？是否別具叢林或水果芳香？氣質是溫柔還是陽剛？這是所有品味過程中，最感性的。
二、咖啡的品味方法
不論怎麼喝，品嚐咖啡是有一些講究和知識的。一杯咖啡端到面前，先不要急於喝，應該像品茶或品酒那樣，有個循序漸進的過程，以達到放鬆、提神和享受的目的。
1、聞香
體驗一下咖啡那撲鼻而來的濃香。
2、觀色
咖啡最好呈現深棕色，而不是一片漆黑，深不見底。
3、品味
咖啡豆中含有大約5-8%的糖分。
在烘焙過程中，蔗糖及葡萄糖等碳水化合物之一部分會產生焦糖化，剩下的部分會形成甜味；且烘焙時釋放出丹寧酸，與焦糖結合，會產生略帶苦味的甜味，這些即是咖啡甜味、苦味和香味的來源；尤其高級咖啡特有的甜味和苦味，即是呈現這種完美協調的結果。所以，人們對咖啡的味感，一般會有酸、甜、苦、香、澀幾種。
品味時，可先喝一口黑咖啡，感受一下原味咖啡的滋味；咖啡入口應該是有些甘味、微苦、微酸不澀；然後再小口、小口地品嚐，不要急於將咖啡一口嚥下，暫時含在口中，讓咖啡和唾液與空氣稍作混合，然後再吞下。
4、溫度
飲用咖啡的最佳溫度，在咖啡沖泡的刹那，適當溫度為攝氏83℃；倒入杯中時為80℃；而到口中時的最佳溫度為61-62℃最理想。
為了不使咖啡的味道降低，要事先將咖啡杯在開水中泡熱。
一般來說，趁熱品嚐咖啡，是喝咖啡的基本禮節。
因為普通咖啡的質地不太穩定，所以最好趁熱品嘗；但若是一杯品質優良的咖啡，放涼以後除香味會有減少外，口感表現與熱時應是一致的，甚至更佳。
5、滋味
一般我們都用濃醇來表現咖啡圓熟、芳醇、濃厚的味道。
有時，或可加入適量的牛奶，可改變口感；而在糖份的調配上，也不妨多些變化，使咖啡更具美味
6、適量
喝咖啡不像喝酒或果汁，滿杯的咖啡，看了就失去喝的興趣。
普通都只到七、八分滿為適量，份量適中的咖啡不僅會刺激味覺，喝完後也不會有膩的感覺，反而回味無窮；同時，適量的咖啡能適度的促使身體恢復疲勞，頭腦為之清爽。
咖啡的味道有濃淡之分，所以不能像喝茶或可樂一樣，連續喝幾杯；普通喝咖啡以80-100cc為適量，有時候若想連續喝三、四杯，就要將咖啡的濃度沖淡。
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