紅茶飲法
楊惟婷
西方有諺：“一天四杯紅茶，常保心血管無憂”。
雖然不要以茶治病，但注重健康和養生的人都知道，喝紅酒和喝紅茶都有保護心血管的作用。老茶客都知道紅茶養胃，是因為紅茶中的多酚類化合物可以薄膜狀態附著在胃潰瘍的傷口，保護胃粘膜，防止胃酸對受傷胃粘膜的進一步傷害。同時，其中咖啡因還可舒緩你緊張的神經。
對大多數高節奏、高壓力下生活的白領人士，在一天中的某些時光，適當地放鬆自己的心情，給自己泡杯好紅茶也許是個不錯的選擇。
一、沖泡一杯香醇紅茶的前置作業
紅茶飲法多樣。例如按茶葉品種而言，有工夫飲法和快速飲法之分；按茶湯浸出方式而言，有沖泡法和煮飲法之分；按調味方式而言，有清飲法和調飲法之分。
無論何種飲法，沖泡一杯香醇紅茶所需的必要條件如下：
1、茶葉好：
茶葉應避免潮濕高溫；不可與清潔劑、香料、香皂等共同保存，以保持茶葉的純凈．
沖泡一杯紅茶的份量，約需一個茶包、一茶匙或３公克的茶葉。
2、水質好：
富含充分空氣的水，能引發紅茶內蘊的香氣。
3、茶具好：
紅茶芬芳的味道，必需用適當的茶具搭配，來襯托出紅茶獨特的優美。
4、溫度好：
將適量的茶加入茶壺中，再立刻注入沸騰的開水；水溫宜維持在 90至100度的水溫；在此同時，將茶壺與茶杯用熱水燙過，這道手續稱為溫壺（杯）。
5、時間好：
放入茶葉，注入熱水，將壺蓋蓋上，使紅茶的香氣與味道能充分的在熱水中釋放出來。葉片細小者約浸泡 2–3分鐘；葉片較大則宜悶置 3–5分鐘；當茶葉綻開，沈在壺底，並不再翻滾時，即可享用。
二、紅茶的一般中式飲法
現將一般紅茶的中式飲用方法介紹如下：
(一)準備好茶具：
◆一般說來，飲紅茶前，不論採用何種飲法，都得先準備好茶具，如煮水的壺、盛茶的杯或盞等。
◆同時，還需用潔凈的水，一一加以清潔，以免污染。
◆紅茶不論何種飲用方法，多數都選用茶杯沖(調)飲，只有少數用壺的，如沖泡紅碎茶或片、末茶。
◆紅茶與瓷杯搭配，視覺和味覺效果最佳。
◆就沖泡程式來說，各類工夫紅茶、袋泡紅茶、小種紅茶和即溶紅茶等都可採用白瓷杯、玻璃杯飲用；而紅碎茶、紅茶末等習慣採用壺飲法。
(二)烹水沏茶：
◆沏茶時應儘量選擇富含空氣的水源，以激發紅茶內蘊的香氣；
◆水的溫度，對於泡出好喝的紅茶是非常重要的條件；當水煮沸後(水溫達100℃)，就可以沖泡紅茶。若沒有完全沸騰，紅茶的茶香仍然無法充分的散發出來。
◆但即使如此，也不能使用沸騰過度的熱開水。沸騰過久，熱開水中能使茶葉跳動所需的空氣就會減少，一倒入茶壺中，茶葉就會下沉。同樣的，使用二度沸騰的水時，也會發生同樣的事。總之，使用含有大量空氣才剛沸騰的新鮮熱開水，才能泡出好喝的茶來。
◆完全沸騰的熱開水注入茶壺中，壺中的茶葉使會上下地滾動，這就是跳躍(JUMPING)。因為茶葉的樣子就好像是在跳躍的樣子，所以稱之急跳躍。如果沒有充分地跳躍，茶葉原本的味道就無法完全地散發出來。為了使茶葉完全地跳躍，首先使用完全沸騰而新鮮的熱開水是很重要的。然後以稍微高的姿勢倒入熱開水，如此才不會缺少跳躍所需的空氣，並且多多少少可增加更多的空氣。
◆通常沖水至八分滿為止。
◆如果是高檔紅茶，那麼，以選用白瓷杯為宜，以便觀其色澤。
◆如果用壺煮，那麼，先應將水煮沸，而後才放茶配料。
(三)置茶量：
◆紅茶口味濃淡，主要靠茶葉用量和放水量來調節。
◆一般茶和水的比例為1∶50，即每杯隻放入3-5克的紅茶，或1-2包袋泡茶，應當用150–250毫升水來沖泡就可以，而口味淡者茶葉可放得更少些。
◆通常滿滿一茶匙尖起來的茶葉約3g。平均茶杯以一茶匙為原則，依據所要沖泡的杯量來測量茶葉，才能泡出好喝的紅茶來。
◆若用壺煮，則另行按茶和水的比例量茶入壺。
(四)沖泡時間：
◆建議大家把水注入每杯茶後，可將茶壺或茶杯的蓋子蓋好，悶上3-5分鐘後再打開，使紅茶的香氣與味道盡情地發揮出來。
◆如果您是喜歡沖泡清淡的袋泡紅茶，可以在放進熱水之後，再把茶包順著茶杯邊慢慢放入，同時上下牽扯茶繩，這樣容易掌握茶湯的濃度。
◆如果您想製作一杯濃茶或奶茶，可以先放入茶包，再放熱水，讓茶包和熱水充分地接觸。
◆紅茶不適於放涼飲用，會影響暖胃效果，放置時間過長還能降低營養含量。
◆泡紅茶最好用敞口杯，且不要等到杯中的水都喝盡才補充熱水，最好等水剩下1/3左右時就蓄水，以便稀釋茶葉，保持茶的溫度和濃度適宜，每杯紅茶蓄水3次口感最佳。
(五)聞香觀色：
◆紅茶經沖泡後，通常經3分鐘後，即可先聞其香，再觀察紅茶的湯色。這種做法，在品飲高檔紅茶時尤為時尚。
◆至於低檔茶，一般很少有聞香觀色的。
(六)品飲嘗味：
◆待茶湯冷熱適口時，即可舉杯品味。尤其是飲高檔紅茶，飲茶人需在品字上下功夫，緩緩啜飲，細細品味，在徐徐體察和欣賞之中，品出紅茶的醇味，領會飲紅茶的真趣，獲得精神的升華。
◆如果品飲的紅茶屬條形茶，一般可沖泡2-3次。如果是紅碎茶，通常隻沖泡一次；第二次再沖泡，滋味就顯得淡薄了。
◆如果您是採用壺飲法來與親朋分享下午茶樂趣的話，有兩點是需要注意的：
1、茶壺的最後一滴必須倒完，因為這一滴凝聚了紅茶的最後風味，在英語中被叫做“GOLDDROP”（黃金滴）。
2、除了上面所說的這種“清飲法”，您還可以選擇“調飲法”，會更增加下午茶時光的樂趣，比如在紅茶中加入牛奶、乳酪和糖，製成一杯營養豐富的奶茶；當然您還可以依據個人口味的不同，加片兒檸檬，或者蜂蜜、果醬。
三、各國的花式飲茶法
各國下午茶的花式飲用方法介紹如下：
【巴黎盛行】：綠茶+鮮果或香料，可以消除油膩、振奮精神。
【倫敦盛行】：紅茶+柳橙+香草，可以緩和緊張情緒。
【丹麥盛行】：花果茶，一般由葡萄、蘋果、番木瓜等果實與薔薇花、木槿花、玫瑰花組成，可以調和脾胃。
【臺灣盛行】：粉紅玫瑰茶，可以補氣，補血。
【香港盛行】：普洱茶+菊花，可以養肝明目，促進血液循環，改善四肢冰冷。
【韓國盛行】：辣椒茶，選用中等辣度的青、紅椒絲做原料，適合體虛的人飲用。
四、檸檬紅茶的飲法
檸檬紅茶的飲用方法介紹如下：
1、按熱紅茶泡制法，制取紅茶汁400毫升。
2、將茶汁分盛兩杯，各放入綿白糖15克、檸檬1片，攪勻即可。
特點：檸檬紅茶具有檸檬的青酸與紅茶醇厚的味道。茶汁微紅、澄清、甜而微酸，十分爽口。
五、冰紅茶的泡法
(一)簡易沖泡法：
1、在茶壺中注入110毫升滾燙的熱開水。
2、放入紅茶茶包，蓋上壺蓋，悶置5分鐘。
3、將茶包取出。
4、加入60公克的冰塊，就可以享用一杯色澤晶瑩又好喝的冰紅茶了。
(二)冰巖激流法：
這種方式沖泡出來的紅茶，保純時間可達十小時以上，且色澤清瑩、不混濁。
1、在茶壺中注入900毫升滾燙的熱開水。
2、放入六個紅茶茶包，蓋上壺蓋，悶置8至10分鐘後取出茶包。
3、預先準備一個寬口的玻璃壺，並放入約七分滿的冰塊。
4、 待水溫回溫至70～80℃時，再將熱紅茶快速倒入寬口玻璃壺內，並以長匙攪拌 1至2 次，於室溫下保存，不需特別冷藏。
5、飲用時，再將紅茶倒入加了冰塊的玻璃杯中，即可飲用。
六、英式下午茶
◆紅茶是西方喜愛的茶，幾百年的飲茶史使得西方發展出不同於東方的茶文化。英國人早茶早餐茶、下午茶都離不開紅茶。
◆在英國，紅茶的主要品牌包括：
（英國）布洛克邦德（Brook Bond）
（英國）立頓紅茶（Lipton）
（英國）里昂泰特萊（Lyons Tetley）
（英國）川寧紅茶（Twinings）
此外，還有一些名牌，被人推崇能完美呈現品味，包括：
Hediard（法國巴黎著名咖啡店）
Wedgwood（英國著名陶瓷茶具）
Fortnum & Mason（英國倫敦著名食品店）
Whittard（英國著名茶葉和咖啡公司）
Harrods（英國著名百貨公司自有品牌）
◆不同品牌紅茶，蒸煮的時間不同
(1)將熱開水倒入裝有茶葉的茶壺後，為了使紅茶的成分完全地滲透出來，適當時間的蒸煮是很重要的。
(2)而蒸煮所需要的時間，依茶葉的產地及茶葉的大小而不同，也依其是純紅茶或奶茶等喝法而不同。
(3) 最重要的是要能自己研究最佳的時間，且沖泡時，正確地測量所需時間。
(4) 各品牌紅茶蒸煮時間的標準，參考如下：
茶葉 純紅茶 檸檬紅茶 奶茶
大吉嶺OP 3～4分 1分30秒～2分30秒 3分30秒～5分
阿薩姆OP 3～4分 1分30秒～2分30秒 3分30秒～5分
吉滿OP 3～4分 1分30秒～2分30秒 3分30秒～5分
阿薩姆BOP 2～3分 1分30秒～2分30秒 3～4分
尼爾吉裡BOP 2～3分 1分30秒～2分 2分30秒～3分
錫蘭BOP 2～3分 1分30秒～2分 2分30秒～3分
多倫多BOP 2～3分 1分30秒～2分 2分30秒～3分
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